Effectiveness Evaluation of Optical Illusion Deceleration Markings for a V-Shaped Undersea Tunnel Based on the Set Pair Analysis Method and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution Theory

Abstract

To improve traffic safety in undersea tunnels, the speed control effect of optical illusion deceleration markings (OIDMs) in V-shaped undersea tunnels and their applicability to drivers were explored. In this study, UC-Win/Road software was used to build a simulation scenario, and the V-shaped Jiaozhou Bay undersea tunnel in Qingdao, China, was selected as the simulated road section. Four kinds of OIDMs were selected as the research objects. According to the physiological and psychological response characteristics of drivers to the visual recognition process of OIDMs and vehicle driving parameters, three primary and six secondary evaluation indices were identified. The analytic hierarchy process-entropy weight method was applied to assign weights to each evaluation index in combination, and a comprehensive evaluation model based on the set pair analysis method and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution was constructed to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of the OIDMs based on the ternary coefficient and the comprehensive evaluation index. To verify the accuracy of the model, the data of the three secondary evaluation indicators with larger weight coefficients were statistically analyzed, and the results showed that the results of the statistical analysis of the data were consistent with the results of the model test. In the entrance section of the tunnel, the combination of white inverted fishbone deceleration markings and red warning pavement has the highest comprehensive evaluation index of γ A1 = 0.9611. In the downhill section of the tunnel, the white variable-spacing inverted fishbone deceleration markings have the highest comprehensive evaluation index, γ B1 = 0.9644.

Impact Analysis of Road Infrastructure and Traffic Control on Injury Severity of Single- and Multi-vehicle Crashes

“…However, our study suggests that it may be challenging to lower the severity of single-vehicle crashes through traffic control measures alone. In an attempt to address this issue, a potential solution is to implement optical illusion, as proposed by Pan et al (2022) [35]. A Computational Illusion Team (2013) has already introduced six optical illusions that can be used, such as: anamorphosis, image bump, changing the interval of repeated patterns, slanted lines inside lane lines, speed-reduction markers, and melody roads [36].…”

Impact Analysis of Road Infrastructure and Traffic Control on Injury Severity of Single- and Multi-Vehicle Crashes

“…However, our study suggests that it may be challenging to lower the severity of single-vehicle crashes through traffic control measures alone. In an attempt to address this issue, a potential solution is to implement an optical illusion, as proposed by Pan et al (2022) [36]. A computational illusion team (2013) has already introduced six optical illusions that can be used, such as: anamorphosis, image bump, changing the interval of repeated patterns, slanted lines inside lane lines, speed-reduction markers, and melody roads [37].…”

Analysis of Visual Load on Curve and Longitudinal Slope Combination of Extra-Long Underwater Tunnel Based on Visual Sensitive Region

“…The extra-long underwater tunnel is a kind of transportation facility built under the waters of oceans, lakes, rivers, and so forth, for vehicles to pass ( 1 ). It is able to break through the waters’ restrictions on traffic, and plays an important role in improving urban layout, optimizing road alignment, and shortening access distance ( 2 ).…”