Effectiveness of 20 years of conservation investments in protecting orangutans

Santika, Truly; Sherman, Julie; Voigt, Maria; Ancrenaz, Marc; Wich, Serge A.; Wilson, Kerrie A.; Possingham, Hugh P.; Massingham, Emily; Seaman, Dave J. I.; Ashbury, Alison M.; Azvi, Taufiq Siddiq; Banes, Graham L.; Barrow, Elizabeth J.; Burslem, David F. R. P.; Delgado, Robert A; Erman, Andi; Fredriksson, Gabriella; Goossens, Benoît; Houghton, Max; Indrawan, Tito P.; Jaya, Ricko L.; Kanamori, Tomoko; Knott, Cheryl D.; Leiman, Ashley; Liswanto, Darmawan; Mach, Martin; Marshall, Andrew J.; Martin, Julien G. A.; Midora, Lelyana; Miller, Adam E.; Milne, Sol; Morgans, Courtney; Nardiyono, Nardi; Perwitasari-Farajallah, Dyah; Priatna, Dolly; Risch, Robert; Riyadi, Galuh Mochammad; Russon, Anne E.; Sembiring, Juhardi; Setiawan, Endro; Sidiq, Mohammad; Simon, Donna; Spehar, Stephanie; Struebig, Matthew J.; Sumardi, Ibrahim; Tjiu, Albertus; Wahyudi, Rizki; Yanuar, Achmad; Meijaard, Erik

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.02.051

Cited by 33 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…We acknowledge these visions could be interpreted in different ways by different experts but underline that our focus here is pragmatic and asks how these visions are viewed by conservation professionals (see below and Supplementary Material 1). Thus we consider the outcome for Bornean orangutans under the following scenarios: (1) a Current Conditions approach for the period 2021–2032 that entails continuation of orangutan conservation strategies that typified the period 2000–2019 (Santika et al, 2022) and uses predicted deforestation rates based on historical trends (Voigt et al, 2022); (2) a Half-Earth approach for 2021–2032 (Supplementary Fig. 1a) based on improved protection and sustainable forest management strategies within the Bornean orangutan range; (3) a Whole-Earth approach for 2021–2032 (Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also identify issues that could arise if we operationalize global visions in relation to specific regions such as Borneo and species such as the orangutan. Orangutans are amongst the few species for which a spatio-temporal effectiveness framework is available (Santika et al, 2022), facilitating the evaluation of probable impacts of different land uses and management strategies on conservation outcomes. Furthermore, there are sufficient socio-economic data on the impacts of different land-use strategies to explore some implications of these approaches (Santika et al, 2017b, 2019a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite these improvements and an investment of c. USD 1 billion in orangutan conservation during 2000–2019, most orangutan populations have continued to decline (Utami-Atmoko et al, 2019; Santika et al, 2022). One problem is forest loss outside protected areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We compare this to the impacts resulting from the continuation of Current Conditions (i.e. the conservation strategies from the 2000–2019 period as described by Santika et al, 2022). We also explore a Whole-Earth approach that envisages deregulating government-led area protection and replacing it with community management of forests as public goods (Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Restoring the orangutan in a Whole- or Half-Earth context

Meijaard

Sheil

Sherman

et al. 2022

Oryx

Self Cite

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Various global-scale proposals exist to reduce the loss of biological diversity. These include the Half-Earth and Whole-Earth visions that respectively seek to set aside half the planet for wildlife conservation or to diversify conservation practices fundamentally and change the economic systems that determine environmental harm. Here we assess these visions in the specific context of Bornean orangutans Pongo pygmaeus and their conservation. Using an expert-led process we explored three scenarios over a 10-year time frame: continuation of Current Conditions, a Half-Earth approach and a Whole-Earth approach. In addition, we examined a 100-year population recovery scenario assuming 0% offtake of Bornean orangutans. Current Conditions were predicted to result in a population c. 73% of its current size by 2032. Half-Earth was judged comparatively easy to achieve and predicted to result in an orangutan population of c. 87% of its current size by 2032. Whole-Earth was anticipated to lead to greater forest loss and ape killing, resulting in a prediction of c. 44% of the current orangutan population for 2032. Finally, under the recovery scenario, populations could be c. 148% of their current size by 2122. Although we acknowledge uncertainties in all of these predictions, we conclude that the Half-Earth and Whole-Earth visions operate along different timelines, with the implementation of Whole-Earth requiring too much time to benefit orangutans. None of the theorized proposals provided a complete solution, so drawing elements from each will be required. We provide recommendations for equitable outcomes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Restoring the orangutan in a Whole- or Half-Earth context

Meijaard

Sheil

Sherman

et al. 2022

Oryx

Self Cite

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“…For example, a recent comparison of the cost‐effectiveness of various actions to conserve orangutans ( Pongo spp.) found that some (habitat protection and patrolling) were more than twice as effective as others (rescue and rehabilitation or habitat restoration) (Santika et al., 2022 ). Therefore, we believe that there is an opportunity for funders to catalyze a step change in evidence use in conservation planning.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Funding evidence‐based conservation

Parks¹,

Al-Fulaij²,

Brook

et al. 2022

Conservation Biology

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Cultivating Care: Behaviourally Informed Conservation Strategies to Safeguard the Future of the Sulawesi Crested Black Macaque (Macaca nigra)

Hilser,

Palohoen,

Justinek

et al. 2023

Int J Primatol

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Primate conservation is a behavioural challenge and as such requires behaviourally informed solutions. We provide a case study, applying social science principles and concepts to address primate conservation challenges. Selamatkan Yaki is a conservation programme focused on the Critically Endangered, Sulawesi crested black macaque (Macaca nigra) in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. A holistic strategy of education, capacity building, and community-based conservation draws upon a blend of insights from multiple social scientific disciplines alongside direct research with communities in the area exploring their cultural histories, behavioural drivers, and relationships with nature. We outline a series of five approaches based on behavioural concepts and describe the benefits, impact, and shortfalls of our methods. We illustrate how the resultant systematic stepwise strategy aims to address some of the key issues of primate conservation management in an innovative way. By incorporating sociopsychological principles and deeper understandings of behavioural science into primate conservation programmes, practitioners may broaden the interpretation, communication, and application of research findings with the potential to maximise the effectiveness of threat reduction campaigns and interventions.

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Effectiveness of 20 years of conservation investments in protecting orangutans

Cited by 33 publications

References 31 publications

Restoring the orangutan in a Whole- or Half-Earth context

Restoring the orangutan in a Whole- or Half-Earth context

Funding evidence‐based conservation

Cultivating Care: Behaviourally Informed Conservation Strategies to Safeguard the Future of the Sulawesi Crested Black Macaque (Macaca nigra)

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