Effectiveness of a personalized ventilation system in reducing personal exposure against directly released simulated cough droplets

Pantelic, Jovan; Tham, Kwok Wai; Licina, Dusan

doi:10.1111/ina.12187

Cited by 53 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…However, the relative difference in time‐averaged exposure index given by the two types of positioning depends largely on the duration of an event, which, for example, is 72.9% for 2 minutes and 30.4% for the steady‐state condition. Previous studies have reported that, under steady‐state conditions, face‐to‐face is the riskiest positioning and face‐to‐back is the safest. This study adds that the face‐to‐face positioning should be avoided even during short‐term events.…”

Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ACH values of 2 and 6 h −1 were selected to represent relatively low and high air change rates that commonly occur in office environments. Face‐to‐face and face‐to‐back positioning were selected, as they are known to be the riskiest and safest arrangements, respectively . The exposed manikin was moved to change the separation distance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the exhaled flows are highly directional, the position and orientation of the occupants are important factors in determining the risk of cross‐infection, especially over short distances. Under most conditions, face‐to‐face orientation leads to the highest risk and face‐to‐back the lowest risk . A knowledge of the influence of these parameters is fundamental for formulating effective control measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, most tracer gas instruments, including the widely used photoacoustic gas monitor INNOVA, have a sampling time of the order of 10‐60 seconds, which is much longer than the period of inhalation or exhalation (which are of the order of 1 second). Aerosol generators have been increasingly used to provide a more accurate simulation of the transfer of exhaled droplet nuclei . However, they are mostly used alone (ie, not in conjunction with a manikin) and have a sampling interval of no smaller than 1 second .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aerosol generators have been increasingly used to provide a more accurate simulation of the transfer of exhaled droplet nuclei . However, they are mostly used alone (ie, not in conjunction with a manikin) and have a sampling interval of no smaller than 1 second . CFD techniques are capable of performing high time‐resolution sampling of the concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Airborne transmission between room occupants during short‐term events: Measurement and evaluation

Hashimoto

Melikov

2019

Indoor Air

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This study experimentally examines and compares the dynamics and short‐term events of airborne cross‐infection in a full‐scale room ventilated by stratum, mixing and displacement air distributions. Two breathing thermal manikins were employed to simulate a standing infected person and a standing exposed person. Four influential factors were examined, including separation distance between manikins, air change per hour, positioning of the two manikinsand air distribution. Tracer gas technique was used to simulate the exhaled droplet nuclei from the infected person and fast tracer gas concentration meters (FCM41) were used to monitor the concentrations. Real‐time and average exposure indices were proposed to evaluate the dynamics of airborne exposure. The time‐averaged exposure index depends on the duration of exposure time and can be considerably different during short‐term events and under steady‐state conditions. The exposure risk during short‐term events may not always decrease with increasing separation distance. It changes over time and may not always increase with time. These findings imply that the control measures formulated on the basis of steady‐state conditions are not necessarily appropriate for short‐term events.

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Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Airborne transmission between room occupants during short‐term events: Measurement and evaluation

Hashimoto

Melikov

2019

Indoor Air

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Airborne transmission of biological agents within the indoor built environment: a multidisciplinary review

Argyropoulos

Skoulou

Efthimiou

et al. 2022

Air Qual Atmos Health

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The nature and airborne dispersion of the underestimated biological agents, monitoring, analysis and transmission among the human occupants into building environment is a major challenge of today. Those agents play a crucial role in ensuring comfortable, healthy and risk-free conditions into indoor working and leaving spaces. It is known that ventilation systems influence strongly the transmission of indoor air pollutants, with scarce information although to have been reported for biological agents until 2019. The biological agents’ source release and the trajectory of airborne transmission are both important in terms of optimising the design of the heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems of the future. In addition, modelling via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) will become a more valuable tool in foreseeing risks and tackle hazards when pollutants and biological agents released into closed spaces. Promising results on the prediction of their dispersion routes and concentration levels, as well as the selection of the appropriate ventilation strategy, provide crucial information on risk minimisation of the airborne transmission among humans. Under this context, the present multidisciplinary review considers four interrelated aspects of the dispersion of biological agents in closed spaces, (a) the nature and airborne transmission route of the examined agents, (b) the biological origin and health effects of the major microbial pathogens on the human respiratory system, (c) the role of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems in the airborne transmission and (d) the associated computer modelling approaches. This adopted methodology allows the discussion of the existing findings, on-going research, identification of the main research gaps and future directions from a multidisciplinary point of view which will be helpful for substantial innovations in the field.

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Tracer gas is a suitable surrogate of exhaled droplet nuclei for studying airborne transmission in the built environment

et al. 2020

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Effectiveness of a personalized ventilation system in reducing personal exposure against directly released simulated cough droplets

Cited by 53 publications

References 37 publications

Airborne transmission between room occupants during short‐term events: Measurement and evaluation

Airborne transmission between room occupants during short‐term events: Measurement and evaluation

Airborne transmission of biological agents within the indoor built environment: a multidisciplinary review

Tracer gas is a suitable surrogate of exhaled droplet nuclei for studying airborne transmission in the built environment

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