Effectiveness of a School-Based ‘Tobacco Free’ Intervention on Adolescents’ Knowledge and Exposure to Second Hand Tobacco Smoke - A Multiphase Study

Rao, Ashwini; Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran; Mithra, Prasanna; Nandini, M.; Shenoy, Ramya; Rungta, Nikita

doi:10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.12.3533

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This study is the descriptive component of the multiphase study conducted among 12 year old school children of Mangalore, India (Rao et al, 2019). A cluster random sampling of all the schools in Mangalore was done to obtain the required sample.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Second Hand Tobacco Smoke among 12 year old Adolescents in Mangalore, Karnataka – A Descriptive Study

Rao

Unnikrishnan

Rungta

et al. 2021

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev

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Although many countries of the World have passed laws making workplaces, public places, and restaurants smoke-free, still millions of children and adults continue to breathe second hand tobacco smoke (SHS) (CDC, 2007). According to the World Health Organization (2020), the health of almost half of the world's children is affected by exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). SHS exposure has been linked to a variety of serious diseases in adults as well as in children, such as coronary heart disease, lung cancer, breast cancer, respiratory symptoms and illnesses, otitis media and during pregnancy causes pre-term low birth weight deliveries (WHO, 2020).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Second Hand Tobacco Smoke among 12 year old Adolescents in Mangalore, Karnataka – A Descriptive Study

Rao

Unnikrishnan

Rungta

et al. 2021

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev

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“…A total of 35 text messages were created to ensure that there were enough for additional days if participants were not able to return for their follow-up visit on day 30. A 30-day duration was selected as it was similar to prior interventions designed for an adolescent population [ 9 , 10 ]; in addition, 30 days is long enough to see a change in steady-state cotinine levels [ 19 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intervening directly with exposed children without the inclusion of cessation counseling for parents is a novel approach [ 9 , 10 ]. One proposed study for decreasing SHS exposure describes an educational intervention developed from behavioral change theory, consisting of three 40-minute educational sessions on the adverse effects of tobacco, international laws regarding tobacco, and methods to prevent tobacco exposure; weekly take-home brochures; and 3 reinforcement lessons [ 9 ]. A school-based study conducted in Bangladesh with children aged 10-12 years evaluated a similar method, consisting of two 45-minute educational sessions over a 2-day period followed by four 15-minute refresher sessions over the following month; saliva cotinine at the 2-month follow-up showed a significant difference between the intervention (0.53 ng/mL) and control groups (2.02 ng/mL) [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While mHealth interventions have been efficacious for a variety of indications [ 9 , 10 , 13 ], a downside to these methods may be low levels of engagement. Studies have provided participants with cell phones or prepaid phone cards to facilitate their participation [ 12 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Mobile Health Intervention for Adolescents Exposed to Secondhand Smoke: Pilot Feasibility and Efficacy Study

et al. 2020

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Background Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in children and adolescents has adverse health effects. For adolescents of lower socioeconomic status (SES), exposure is widespread, evidenced in the measurement of urinary cotinine, a major metabolite of nicotine. Direct intervention with exposed children has been proposed as a novel method, yet there is minimal evidence of its efficacy. Combining this approach with a mobile health (mHealth) intervention may be more time and cost-effective and feasible for adolescent populations. Objective In this pilot study, we assessed the feasibility and preliminary evidence of efficacy of a 30-day text message–based mHealth intervention targeted at reducing SHS exposure in adolescent populations of low SES. Methods For the study, 14 nonsmoking and nonvaping participants between the ages of 12-21 years exposed to SHS were enrolled. The intervention consisted of a daily text message sent to the participants over the course of a month. Text message types included facts and information about SHS, behavioral methods for SHS avoidance, or true-or-false questions. Participants were asked to respond to each message within 24 hours as confirmation of receipt. Feasibility outcomes included completion of the 30-day intervention, receiving and responding to text messages, and feedback on the messages. Efficacy outcomes included a reduction in urinary cotinine, accuracy of true-or-false responses, and participants’ perceptions of effectiveness. Results Of the 14 participants that were enrolled, 13 completed the intervention. Though not required, all participants had their own cell phones with unlimited text messaging plans. Of the total number of text messages sent to the 13 completers, 91% (372/407) of them received on-time responses. Participant feedback was generally positive, with most requesting more informational and true-or-false questions. In terms of efficacy, 54% (6/11) of participants reduced their cotinine levels (however, change for the group overall was not statistically significant (P=.33) and 45% (5/11) of participants increased their cotinine levels. Of the total number of true-or-false questions sent across all completers, 77% (56/73) were answered correctly. Participants’ ratings of message effectiveness averaged 85 on a scale of 100. Conclusions In this pilot study, the intervention was feasible as the majority of participants had access to a cell phone, completed the study, and engaged by responding to the messages. The efficacy of the study requires further replication, as only half of the participants reduced their cotinine levels. However, participants answered the majority of true-or-false questions accurately and reported that the messages were helpful.

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Interventions for Preventing Tobacco Uptake among Adolescents within School Setting in South-East Asia region: A Systematic Review

Bantwal,

Kulkarni,

Kamath

et al. 2024

Child Youth Care Forum

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Background Tobacco users disproportionately reside in lower-and-middle income countries, with many people beginning consumption of tobacco in adolescence. Countries employ interventions in schools as a means of providing health education thereby creating mass awareness among them. However, research has mostly restricted to developed nations. Objective To examine the impact of interventions implemented in preventing tobacco uptake among adolescents in school setting in South-East Asia region. Method The protocol was registered prospectively on PROSPERO (CRD42022337341). Systematic search was conducted on 6 databases: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, ProQuest and Web of Science. Randomized Control Trials (RCT) and Cluster RCT conducted in school set-up in South-East Asia among adolescents below 18 years’ age were included. Articles between timeline 2002–2022 were considered. Results From a total of 963 articles, total of 13 studies were included. Four were RCT, while nine were Cluster RCT. Most of the studies were targeted at change in prevalence, followed change in knowledge and attitude towards tobacco and impact on susceptibility to use tobacco. Nine studies had interventions based on Health Promoting School Framework, three were Peer-led Interventions and one was Counsellor-centred Intervention. Risk of Bias assessment revealed eight studies had low risk of bias, two had some concerns while three were high risk studies. Conclusion Interventions that focus on building a holistic environment and go beyond the usual classroom environment have primarily been implemented and found to be effective in this region. There is a need for strong, high-quality RCT studies with standardised evaluation techniques to combat tobacco use among adolescents.

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Effectiveness of a School-Based ‘Tobacco Free’ Intervention on Adolescents’ Knowledge and Exposure to Second Hand Tobacco Smoke - A Multiphase Study

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Exposure to Second Hand Tobacco Smoke among 12 year old Adolescents in Mangalore, Karnataka – A Descriptive Study

Exposure to Second Hand Tobacco Smoke among 12 year old Adolescents in Mangalore, Karnataka – A Descriptive Study

A Mobile Health Intervention for Adolescents Exposed to Secondhand Smoke: Pilot Feasibility and Efficacy Study

Interventions for Preventing Tobacco Uptake among Adolescents within School Setting in South-East Asia region: A Systematic Review

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