Effectiveness of Ad26.COV2.S and BNT162b2 Vaccines against Omicron Variant in South Africa

Gray, Glenda; Collie, Shirley; Goga, Ameena; Garrett, Nigel; Champion, Jared; Seocharan, Ishen; Bamford, Lesley; Moultrie, Harry; Bekker, Linda‐Gail

doi:10.1056/nejmc2202061

Cited by 87 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Activity against Omicron BA.1 was lower after Ad26.COV2.S, but the difference was not statistically significant. Booster vaccinations are essential for eliciting higher neutralizing titers against Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 and better protection against Omicron BA.1 ( Accorsi et al, 2022 ; Bowen et al, 2022 Preprint ; Gray et al, 2022 ). This is important to consider, especially with the rapid evolution of new variants of concern ( Tegally et al, 2022 Preprint ) and continuing efforts to provide booster vaccinations to Ad26.COV2.S vaccinees, of whom only 20% received a heterologous mRNA boost ( Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody evolution to SARS-CoV-2 after single-dose Ad26.COV2.S vaccine in humans

Cho

Muecksch

Wang

et al. 2022

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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The single-dose Ad.26.COV.2 (Janssen) vaccine elicits lower levels of neutralizing antibodies and shows more limited efficacy in protection against infection than either of the two available mRNA vaccines. In addition, Ad.26.COV.2 has been less effective in protection against severe disease during the Omicron surge. Here, we examined the memory B cell response to single-dose Ad.26.COV.2 vaccination. Compared with mRNA vaccines, Ad.26.COV.2 recipients had significantly lower numbers of RBD-specific memory B cells 1.5 or 6 mo after vaccination. Despite the lower numbers, the overall quality of the memory B cell responses appears to be similar, such that memory antibodies elicited by both vaccine types show comparable neutralizing potency against SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1, Delta, and Omicron BA.1 variants. The data help explain why boosting Ad.26.COV.2 vaccine recipients with mRNA vaccines is effective and why the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine can maintain some protective efficacy against severe disease during the Omicron surge.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody evolution to SARS-CoV-2 after single-dose Ad26.COV2.S vaccine in humans

Cho

Muecksch

Wang

et al. 2022

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…Most recently, these VOCs include Omicron BA.1, containing over 30 mutations in the spike region, against which neutralization titers are further reduced (6). In contrast, the ability of vaccines to prevent severe disease has been maintained (5,7,8). This is likely due to the preserved activity of T cells and Fc effector function, including antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), against VOCs (9,10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fc effector activity and neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 BA.4 is compromised in convalescent sera, regardless of the infecting variant

Richardson

Kgagudi

Manamela

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 variant, which exhibits high level neutralization resistance, has since evolved into several sub-lineages including BA.4 and BA.5, which have dominated the fifth wave of infection in South Africa. Here we assessed the sensitivity of BA.4 to neutralization and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in convalescent donors infected with four previous variants of SARS-CoV-2, as well as in post-vaccination breakthrough infections (BTIs) caused by Delta or BA.1. We confirm that BA.4 shows high level resistance to neutralization, regardless of the infecting variant. However, breakthrough infections, which trigger potent neutralization, retained activity against BA.4, albeit at reduced titers. Fold reduction of neutralization in BTIs was lower than that seen in unvaccinated convalescent donors, suggesting maturation of neutralizing responses to become more resilient against VOCs in hybrid immunity. BA.4 sensitivity to ADCC was reduced but remained detectable in both convalescent donors and in BTIs. Overall, the high neutralization resistance of BA.4, even to antibodies from BA.1 infections, provides an immunological mechanism for the rapid spread of BA.4 immediately after a BA.1-dominated wave. Furthermore, although ADCC activity against BA.4 was reduced, residual activity may nonetheless contribute to the protection from disease.

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“…1.6-fold reduction in neutralization sensitivity compared to Wuhan-Hu-1 [52] 81% (75-86) [53] Omicron (B.1.1.529) Majority of samples did not reveal neutralizing activity [27] 74% (57-84) [41]…”

Section: Vaccinementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Decrease in neutralization of 44-fold compared to Wuhan-Hu-1 [40] 70% (62-76) [41] Moderna (mRNA-1273) SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-Hu-1) 93.2% (91.0-94.8) vs. symptomatic disease [42] 100% (CI could not be estimated) [43] Delta (B.1.617.2) Only modestly decreased [44] 95.9% unadj (86.9-98.7) [45] Omicron (B.1.1.529)…”

Section: Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding COVID-19 Vaccines Today: Are T-cells Key Players?

et al. 2022

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has heavily mutated since the beginning of the coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In this regard, the so-called variants of concern (VOCs) feature mutations that confer increased transmissibility and evasion of antibody responses. The VOCs have caused significant spikes in COVID-19 cases, raising significant concerns about whether COVID-19 vaccines will protect against current and future variants. In this context, whereas the protection COVID-19 vaccines offer against the acquisition of infection appears compromised, the protection against severe COVID-19 is maintained. From an immunologic standpoint, this is likely underpinned by the maintenance of T-cell responses against VOCs. Therefore, the role of T-cells is essential to understanding the broader adaptive immune response to COVID-19, which has the potential to shape public policies on vaccine protocols and inform future vaccine design. In this review, we survey the literature on the immunology of T-cell responses upon SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with the current FDA-approved and Emergency Use Authorized COVID-19 vaccines.

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Effectiveness of Ad26.COV2.S and BNT162b2 Vaccines against Omicron Variant in South Africa

Cited by 87 publications

References 5 publications

Antibody evolution to SARS-CoV-2 after single-dose Ad26.COV2.S vaccine in humans

Antibody evolution to SARS-CoV-2 after single-dose Ad26.COV2.S vaccine in humans

Fc effector activity and neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 BA.4 is compromised in convalescent sera, regardless of the infecting variant

Understanding COVID-19 Vaccines Today: Are T-cells Key Players?

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