Effectiveness of aluminosilicate-based products for detoxification of aflatoxin-contaminated diets for juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract

The safety and effectiveness of four aluminosilicate-based products (Novasil Plus, Zeolex Extra, Mycofix Select, and Fixat) were tested for 42 days on juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, fed diets containing corn grains that had been previously inoculated with Aspergillus parasiticus and then sterilized. Two control diets, one uncontaminated and another contaminated with the contaminated corn grain, were elaborated to contain a final concentration of 0 and 75 μg kg–1 total aflatoxins. Both diets were formulated to contain 38% crude protein and 8% lipids. Eight more diets were manufactured from the previous two to contain each of the test products at inclusion levels of 2.5 to 5.0 g kg–1, in accordance with the inclusion level recommended by the manufacturer. Mycofix Select and Fixat inclusion improved diet stability (12–16%). Water absorption capacity in the diets increased (from 2% to 17%) due to the supplementation of aluminosilicates. Feeding aflatoxin-contaminated diets to Pacific white shrimp resulted in lower feed intake and weight gain without affecting the feed conversion ratio, nitrogen retention, and survival. Feeding the uncontaminated diets supplemented with Zeolex Extra, Mycofix Select, and Fixat resulted in a slight reduction in feed intake without affecting growth rate, nitrogen retention, or survival. Conversely, the inclusion of Novasil Plus in the uncontaminated diet did not affect feed intake and an 8% growth rate improval was observed. Three of the tested products failed to provide complete restoration of feed consumption and shrimp growth rate when added to the aflatoxin-contaminated diet.

Effects of conjugated linoleic acid and curcumin on growth performance and oxidative stress enzymes in juvenile Pacific white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) feed with aflatoxins

“…Among the strategies for reduction in AF exposure in the feed industry, the use of mineral and organic adsorbents has been reported in vivo e in vitro (Marroquin-Cardona et al, 2009). For aquatic organism, it has been observed that the addition of different type of clays to AF diet can greatly reduce the harmful effect that this mycotoxin produces on the performance parameters, and this has been demonstrated in studies conducted with L. vannamei (García-Pérez et al, 2013) and P. monodon (Arunlertaree et al, 2007). However, those strategies are intended to reduce the exposure before the AF can be absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and offer little or no protection once the AF is absorbed to the blood and its oxidative damage to tissues is exerted.…”

“…Growth rate, feed consumption, feed conversion rate and survival rate were calculated by using formulas described by García-Pérez et al (2013). Before recording weight, excess water in shrimp was removed by blotting with absorbent cotton fabric.…”

“…Chemical composition of experimental diets was calculated using previously reported methods (Cruz-Suárez,Tapia-Salazar, Ricque-Marie, Nieto-Lopez, & Guajardo-Barbosa, 2009).Total aflatoxins in the experimental diets were measured by a fluorometer method using AflaTest® immunoaffinity columns (VICAM).Proximate analysis on diets was done to determine dry matter (%) and water absorption (%) following methods previously reported(García-Pérez et al, 2013). Chemical composition of experimental diets was calculated using previously reported methods (Cruz-Suárez,Tapia-Salazar, Ricque-Marie, Nieto-Lopez, & Guajardo-Barbosa, 2009).Total aflatoxins in the experimental diets were measured by a fluorometer method using AflaTest® immunoaffinity columns (VICAM).Proximate analysis on diets was done to determine dry matter (%) and water absorption (%) following methods previously reported(García-Pérez et al, 2013).…”

Apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and amino acids of six rendered by-products in juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei

“…Las dietas se elaboraron de acuerdo con la metodología descrita por García-Pérez et al (2013). Los ingredientes fueron mezclados en una mezcladora KitchenAid durante 10 min y, luego de agregar agua tibia (30%), durante 15 min.…”

“…The diets were elaborated following the method described by García-Pérez et al (2013). The ingredients were mixed in a KitchenAid mixer for 10 min and for another 15 min after warm water (30%) was added.…”