Effectiveness of an erbium-doped: yttrium, aluminum and garnet laser for treatment of peri-implant disease: Clinical, microbiological, and biochemical marker analyses

Abstract

BackgroundThe effectiveness of an erbium-doped: yttrium, aluminum and garnet (Er: YAG) laser (EYL) for the treatment of peri-implant disease (PID) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare non-surgical EYL therapy for PID with locally delivered minocycline hydrochloride (MC) ointment therapy by evaluating clinical, microbiological, and biochemical markers.Material and MethodsThirty-seven patients with PID were randomly assigned to either the EYL group (n = 18) or the MC group (n = 19). The clinical, microbiological, and biochemical markers at baseline and at 1 and 3 months after treatment were compared between the two groups. Subgingival plaque and peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) were collected from the diseased pockets.ResultsIn the EYL group, probing pocket depth (PPD) was significantly decreased after treatment when compared with baseline. On the other hand, in the MC group, there was no significant decrease in PPD after treatment. Specific bacteria associated with PID were not determined. The counts of both Gram-positive and -negative species did not significantly decrease in the EYL group at 3 months after treatment. In the MC group, the counts of almost all bacterial species were significantly decreased after treatment. Biochemical marker analysis of PICF revealed significantly lower levels of metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in the EYL group, as compared with the MC group at 3 months after treatment (p= 0.009).ConclusionsNon-surgical therapy with an EYL for PID was clinically effective, with decreased MMP-9 levels in PICF, which may lead to reduced peri-implant tissue destruction. Key words:Er: YAG laser; peri-implant disease; biomarker; peri-implant crevicular fluid.

Biomarker Expression of Peri-Implantitis Lesions before and after Treatment: A Systematic Review

“…The characteristics of the included studies are summarized in Table 1 . All 17 included studies [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ] were published in English. Sample sizes ranged between 10 and 48 patients.…”

“…Sample sizes ranged between 10 and 48 patients. There were nine RCTs [ 13 , 17 , 18 , 20 , 22 , 23 , 25 , 27 , 29 ], six prospective case-control studies [ 14 , 16 , 19 , 21 , 24 , 28 ] and two case series [ 15 , 26 ].…”

“…The type of procedure included in the test groups for the treatment of peri-implantitis consisted of non-surgical mechanical debridement alone [ 16 , 21 ], non-surgical therapy with adjunctive use of lasers [ 13 , 23 , 26 , 28 ], non-surgical therapy with adjunctive use of antimicrobials, [ 13 , 18 , 20 , 22 , 24 ] access flap surgery alone [ 15 , 16 , 19 ], access flap with adjunctive antimicrobials [ 14 ] and access flap with EMD (Enamel Matrix Derivatives) [ 17 ]. In two studies, following induction of peri-implant mucositis, different formulations of toothpaste were assessed in terms of efficacy of the resolution of inflammation [ 25 , 27 ].…”

“…Biomarkers studied were as follow: IL-1α [ 23 ], IL-1b [ 13 , 18 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], IL-1RA [ 20 ], IL-4 [ 16 , 20 ], IL-6 [ 20 , 21 , 23 ], IL-8 [ 13 , 20 , 23 ], IL-10 [ 13 , 16 ], IL-12 [ 16 ], IL-17A [ 20 ], Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 [ 13 , 23 ], Macrophage Inflammatory Protein (MIP)-1α [ 14 , 26 ], Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α [ 15 , 16 , 20 ], RANKL [ 16 , 21 , 25 ], OPG [ 16 , 21 , 25 , 29 ], CCL5 [ 20 ], Interferon (IFN)- γ [ 20 , 21 ], MMP-1 [ 13 , 23 ], MMP- 3 [ 23 ], MMP-8 [ 29 ], MMP-9 [ 23 ], MMP-13 [ 23 ], MMP- 96 [ 25 ], Tissue Growth Factor (TGF)-β7 [ 25 ], C-Reactive Protein (CRP) [ 23 ], Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM- CSF) [ 20 ], Myeloperoxidase (MPO) [ 24 ], Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) [ 24 ], IP-10 [ …”

“…There was heterogeneity amongst studies on PICF sample analysis in terms of the techniques employed for biomarker assessment. Biomarker assessment was carried out using ELISA [ 13 , 15 , 16 , 19 , 22 , 28 , 29 ], Luminex [ 14 , 21 , 25 , 26 , 27 ], Driscol [ 18 ], Bio-Plex [ 20 ], multiplex suspension array [ 23 ] and spectrophotometry [ 24 ].…”