Effectiveness of anthocyanin-containing foods and nutraceuticals in mitigating oxidative stress, inflammation, and cardiovascular health-related biomarkers: a systematic review of animal and human interventions

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of chronic health disorders prevalent worldwide that claim millions of lives yearly. Inflammation and oxidative stress are intricately associated with myocardial tissue damage, endothelial...

Therapeutic Effects of Plant Anthocyanin against Alzheimer’s Disease and Modulate Gut Health, Short-Chain Fatty Acids

“…diseases and herbivores [ 12 ]. Additionally, they are believed to contribute to human health benefits through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, potentially reducing the risk of chronic diseases [ 6 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. The distribution and concentration of anthocyanins in plants vary widely between species and can be influenced by environmental factors such as light intensity, temperature, and soil conditions.…”

“…This antioxidant capacity is due to the presence of multiple hydroxyl groups on the anthocyanin molecule, which can donate electrons to neutralize free radicals. Additionally, anthocyanins demonstrate pH-dependent color changes, appearing red in acidic environments and blue or purple in alkaline conditions, a property often utilized in food science and pH indicators [ 8 , 13 ]. ACNs also have UV-light absorbing properties, serving to protect plants from harmful ultraviolet radiation.…”

“…Chronic neuroinflammation is a prominent feature of AD and is thought to contribute to disease progression and cognitive decline [ 54 , 56 ]. Several studies have investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of anthocyanins and their potential neuroprotective effects in reducing neuroinflammation associated with AD [ 13 , 57 ]. Anthocyanins have been shown to inhibit the activation of microglia and astrocytes, which are the important immune cells in the brain that play a central role in the neuroinflammatory response.…”

“…This structure allows electrons to be delocalized, enhancing the ability of anthocyanins to scavenge free radicals and ROS. By donating electrons, anthocyanins neutralize these harmful molecules and stabilize resulting radicals, thereby reducing oxidative stress [ 13 , 53 ]. Additionally, the presence of hydroxyl groups in anthocyanins further contributes to their antioxidant activity.…”

Anthocyanin of Black Highland Barley Alleviates H2O2-Induced Cardiomyocyte Injury and Myocardial Infarction via Activating the Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog/Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B Pathway

“…However, research also shows that this effect has a more complex molecular mechanism, including the regulation of gene expression, cell signal transduction, and miRNA expression [10]. Further investigation into the mechanisms of ACN against oxidative stress and oxidative stress-induced myocardial cell damage holds potential therapeutic significance for its application in cardiovascular disease treatment [11,12].…”