Effectiveness of Bare-root and Gravel-culture Shrubs Used in Wildlife Habitat Restoration on Lakeshores in Northern Wisconsin

Haskell, Daniel E.; Bales, Alex L.; Webster, Christopher R.; Meyer, Michael W.; Flaspohler, David J.

doi:10.3368/er.36.2.134

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Because of a general lack of understanding about the overall value of wetland ecosystems, these areas are threatened by the ongoing industrialization and urbanization that have resulted from the country's booming economy and very dense urban populations (Yin 2003). Lakeshore restoration, a type of wetland restoration, is used to maintain the stability and ecological characteristics of lakeshore zones (National Research Council 2002;Haskell et al 2018). When implemented appropriately, restoration projects can effectively slow down the wetland degradation process and improve the structure and functions of degraded wetland ecosystems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil fauna diversity at different stages of reed restoration in a lakeshore wetland at Lake Taihu, China

Wei

Dou

Zhao

et al. 2020

Ecosyst Health Sustain

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Introduction: Wetland soil fauna support material cycling and restoration processes in wetland ecosystems. In our study, we observed variations in wetland soil fauna on the shores of Lake Taihu, China. We examined the relationships between fauna and major environmental factors, and looked at the short-and long-term changes in reed wetlands under restoration and in the natural reed lakeshore. Outcomes: We identified 93 groups of soil fauna in different wetlands and found significant differences in the lakeshore wetlands' soil fauna assemblages, depending on the length of the restoration period. By analyzing the soil fauna community evenness, dominance, number of taxa, and diversity, we found minimal seasonal variation in the soil fauna community diversity and abundance. The abundance of soil fauna in the sites under restoration decreased with depth below the soil surface. The reed restoration was obvious in the succession of the soil fauna groups in the long-term site. Although the restoration had an overall positive long-term effect on the soil fauna communities, there were no obvious short-term changes in the number of individuals. Conclusion: The study explored various potential measures to restore soil fauna in the Lake Taihu wetland and developed a theoretical basis for restoring the lakeshore wetland ecosystem.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil fauna diversity at different stages of reed restoration in a lakeshore wetland at Lake Taihu, China

Wei

Dou

Zhao

et al. 2020

Ecosyst Health Sustain

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“…Cedar mulch was placed around the basal area extending out 15 cm from base of trees at an approximate depth of 5 cm. All trees were contained within 2.4‐m‐high nylon fence to prevent herbivory (Haskell ) and irrigated as needed throughout the growing season for the duration of this project. All trees were planted within 10.8 m (35 ft) of the ordinary high water mark (WDNR 2014 b , Chapter NR 115, https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/code/admin_code/nr/100/115.pdf).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Residential development on ecologically sensitive lakeshores can negatively impact plant and animal communities. For instance, such development has been shown to directly impact understory wildlife habitat in riparian areas (Racey & Euler 1983 a , b ; Clark et al ; Elias & Meyer ; Haskell ), often because humans that inhabit lakeshores prefer a more parklike appearance with less understory vegetation diversity and structure (Macbeth ). This direct removal of understory habitat can negatively impact avian communities (Robertson & Flood ; Lindsay et al ), small mammals (Racey & Euler ; Haskell ), amphibians (Woodford & Meyer ), and riparian and forest carnivores (Racey & Euler 1983 b ; Haskell et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BR trees in the nursery and landscape industry have been used for decades and are commonly used in surface mine reclamation projects (Salifu et al ; Wilson‐Kokes et al ), reforestation (Gardiner et al ; Holmes & Webster ), stream and lake riparian restoration (Sweeney et al ; Haskell ), and urban landscaping (Cool ; Vanstone & Ronald ; Buckstrup & Bassuk ). Many studies have compared BR stock to CT stock with mixed results (Grossnickle & El‐Kassaby ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Restoring hardwood trees to lake riparian areas using three planting treatments

Haskell

Bales

Webster

et al. 2017

Restoration Ecology

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Lake riparian areas provide wildlife habitat for a wide variety of species. Residential development throughout such lakeshore areas of the United States has increased exponentially in recent decades. Awareness of the vulnerability and importance of lakeshore ecosystems has increased concurrently. Lakeshore habitat restoration projects have been implemented to mitigate some of the negative impacts of human shoreline development, and containerized (CT) trees are frequently one of the highest costs associated with such restoration projects. As an alternative, we tested the effectiveness of using dormant bare‐root (BR) trees in restoration projects along two lakeshores in northern Wisconsin, U.S.A. In addition, we experimented using BR stock that was incorporated into gravel medium at a local nursery and planted later in the summer months. We monitored growth and survival of four native tree species in these three planting treatments over a 3–4‐year period. CT red maple (Acer rubra), paper birch (Betula paperifera), and northern red oak (Quercus rubra) increased in size significantly faster than BR and/or gravel culture (GC) counterparts, whereas CT showy mountain ash (Sorbus decora) growth rates were similar to those of BR and GC stock. Mortality was generally low, but for those species/planting treatments with higher mortality (paper birch and red oak), CT trees were more likely to survive than BR or GC trees. Our results show that the success of deciduous BR and/or GC tree stock relative to CT trees is species dependent, and for some species, CT trees' higher growth rates and survivorship could offset their higher costs.

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Distribution and quantity discrepancy of anammox and N-DAMO bacteria in lakeshore sediments with or without emergent macrophytes

Xiao

Zhu

et al. 2022

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Effectiveness of Bare-root and Gravel-culture Shrubs Used in Wildlife Habitat Restoration on Lakeshores in Northern Wisconsin

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Soil fauna diversity at different stages of reed restoration in a lakeshore wetland at Lake Taihu, China

Soil fauna diversity at different stages of reed restoration in a lakeshore wetland at Lake Taihu, China

Restoring hardwood trees to lake riparian areas using three planting treatments

Distribution and quantity discrepancy of anammox and N-DAMO bacteria in lakeshore sediments with or without emergent macrophytes

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