Effectiveness of Batak Leeks Extract Against S. Mutans and E. Faecalis as Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Agent

Abstract

Objective: S. mutans biofilms have become the main cause of dental caries. Meanwhile, E. faecalis biofilms cause endodontic infection. Batak leeks are native North Sumatra herb that contains antibacterial properties. This study aims to determine Batak leeks extract's antibacterial and antibiofilm effectiveness towards S. mutans and E. faecalis. Methods: This study was a laboratory experimental research with a posttest-only control group design. The sample size was 27, consisting of 3 samples each with concentrations of 0.78%; 1.56%; 3.25%; 6.25%; 12.5%; 25% and 50% Batak leek extract and 3 negative control samples and 3 positive. The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used to determine MIC, the streaking method to determine MBC and the Static Microtiter Plate Assays method for antibiofilm determination. Data analysis used Oneway ANOVA and Kruskall Wallis tests followed by post-hoc LSD and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: The results showed that Batak leeks extract contained MIC values at 0,78% concentration levels with an average inhibitory zone of 6,80±0,10 mm in S. mutans and E. faecalis. MBC values were undetected because there were no group capable of reducing bacteria at 98-98% and the highest antibiofilm reduction was found in 50% concentration extract with values of 85.58% for S. mutans and 90.29% for E. faecalis. Conclusion: It concluded that 0.78% concentration of Batak leeks extract has an antibacterial effect, but at 50% concentration was the most influential in inhibiting S. mutans and E. faecalis, and antibiofilm ability starts at the concentration level of 1.56%.