Effectiveness of bioactive combinations of several plant substances to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp.

Abstract

The use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) has been banned as feed additives in many countries, therefore the alternatives need to be found. An in vitro experiment was conducted to study the potential of combination of some plant extract to inhibit growth of pathogen bateria that normally occur in the poultry gastro intestinal tract.The combination of three plants bioactives (liquid smoke of cashew shells of Anacardium occidentaleor CLS, Phyllanthus niruri L. extract (EM), and Synzygium aromaticum extract (EDC) were formulated and evaluated for its effectiveness to inhibit growth of Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. in vitro.The mixtures (KE) were then made in 3 different concentrations, i.e. 100 % KE, 50% KE, and 25% KE and studied their effectiveness to inhibit growth of E. coli or Salmonella sp. using microplate reader method. The results showed that the higher the concentration of the bioactive combination (KE100) the higher the ability to inhibit the growth of E. coli or Salmonella sp. The combination of bioactive substances CAM, EM, and EDC more effectively than Zn-bacitracin antibiotics to inhibit the growth of E. coli and Salmonella sp. The optimum concentration of KE with the similar effectiveness as the AGP was 25%. It was concluded that the combination of CAM, EM, and EDC was able to inhibit the growth of E. coli and even capable to eliminate the presence of Salmonella sp. In the biological assay, a combination of CAM, EM, and EDC either extract or powder form, high dose, medium or low does not affect the weight of the spleen, bursa fabricius, and blood profile. The best combination of CAM, EM, and EDC extracts to decreases the total bacterial population and E. coli was middle dose ie 0.0625% (extract) and 0.625% (powder). Likewise for live weight gain that was a good dose of extract or powder form can replace antibiotics. It was concluded that combinations of CAM, EM, and EDC had potential as a substitute for AGP in poultry feed, especially chickens.

Uji Pendahuluan Kombinasi Tiga Jenis Ekstrak Tanaman sebagai Alternatif Antibiotik Growth Promoter terhadap Performans Ayam dan Jumlah Escherichia coli dalam Sekum Ayam

“…Kombinasi ekstrak tanaman terdiri dari ekstrak meniran/Phyllanthus niruri L.: asap cair cangkang jambu mete/Anacardium officinale: ekstrak daun cengkeh/Syzygium aromaticum (EPN:ACAO:EDSA) dilakukan menurut prosedur Pasaribu et al (2018).…”

“…officinale: ekstrak daun cengkeh/S. aromaticum (EPN:ACAO:EDSA) dibuat berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya (Pasaribu et al 2018)…”

“…Hal ini membuktikan bahwa zat bioaktif yang terdapat dalam tanaman P. niruri L., A. officinale, dan ekstrak daun S. aromaticum mampu meminimalisir jumlah total bakteri dalam sekum. Pasaribu et al (2018) melaporkan pada uji in vitro dengan menggunakan kombinasi ekstrak asap cair cangkang mete, meniran, dan daun cengkeh mampu menghambat pertumbuhan E. coli dan Salmonella sp.…”

“…Dengan demikian kombinasi ekstrak EPN:ACAO:EDSA mampu meminimalisir jumlah E. coli, sehingga layak untuk mensubstitusi antibiotik Zn-basitrasin. Informasi penggunaan kombinasi ekstrak tanaman terhadap mikroba masih terbatas, namun secara in vitro bahwa pemberian kombinasi ekstrak EPN:ACAO:EDSA pada level TTT (tinggi) dan RRR (rendah) dapat membunuh E. coli dengan jumlah yang tidak nyata (Pasaribu et al 2018). Kombinasi ekstrak EPN:ACAO:EDSA mampu menghambat perkembangan E. coli dalam sekum karena peran fenol yang terdapat dalam meniran, cangkang jambu mete, dan daun cengkeh, untuk merusak membrane sel dari E. coli.…”

Biological Evaluation of Some Plant Bioactives as Feed Additives to Replace Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Broiler Feeds

“…Combinations of the three bioactives have been tested in vitro with similar results to AGP in inhibiting the growth of E. coli and Salmonella spp. (Pasaribu et al 2018). Based on those studies, an experiment was designed to study the effectiveness of these bioactives mixture on the performances of broilers.…”