Effectiveness of booster BCG vaccination in preventing Covid-19 infection

Amirlak, lradj; Haddad, Rifat; Hardy, J. G.; Khaled, Naief Suleiman; Chung, Michael; Amirlak, Bardia

doi:10.1080/21645515.2021.1956228

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, according to the results found in this case report, it is observed that in vulnerable of population in some regions in Mato Grosso do Sul State where the forms of advanced Tuberculosis occur there is the presence of strains of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that are resistant to drugs as shown in Table 2. Nevertheless, higher rates of deaths can be expected in young individuals as evidenced by previous studies (Amirlak et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Given the above, it is important to implement strict infection control interventions for all hospitalized vulnerable population, which consider the risk of viral transmission from other patients, visitors and health professionals (Amirlak et al, 2021). In this case, greater care should be given to patients at high risk such as the elderly and patients with comorbidities including Tuberculosis (Gao et al, 2020;Andrade Junior et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impact caused by COVID-19 on the vulnerable of population is heterogeneous, as, in turn, it is attributed to the cultural difference in rules, mitigation efforts and especially health infrastructure (Amirlak et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 in Socially Vulnerable Patients with Tuberculosis in Brazil

Ramos¹,

Araújo²,

Venturini³

et al. 2022

GJHS

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INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 is a global public health problem. The first case reported in the socially vulnerable population in the territory of Mato Grosso do State/Brazil occurred in August 2020. However, information about the co-infection of Tuberculosis (TB) and COVID-19 is rarely described in the world literature. Objective: to describe for the first time a group of vulnerable patients who died or not due to Tuberculosis and COVID-19, using a Cohort study of a control group and a treatment group. METHODS: Reporting 7 cases of TB associated with COVID-19 confirmed by respiratory RT-PCR, hospitalized in a hospital department of COVID-19 (CEAA: 42969320.0.0000.0021). RESULTS: The patients included in this case report were aged between 19 and 83 years, respectively, with a predominance of females, 4 patients were vaccinated with BCG. In addition, 3 patients died from COVID-19, and 2 patients were considered cured by COVID-19. The mean time to diagnosis between Tuberculosis and COVID-19 in the “control group” was 43 days and the mean time to diagnosis in the “treatment group” was 37 days. The average number of days of hospital stay in the “control group” was 50 days and in the “treatment group” it was 40 days. In the patients in the “control group”, 2 presented a unilateral pulmonary cavity lesion on the X-ray. In the “treatment group”, only 1 patient presented a unilateral pulmonary cavity lesion on the X-ray, and 2 presented a bilateral pulmonary cavity lesion, and only one developed bilateral non-cavitary lesion with infiltrates. Regarding drug resistance to the treatment of Tuberculosis, in the “treatment group” only 2 patients were sensitive and 3 were resistant. On the other hand, in the “control group”, 1 patient presented resistance and 1 sensitivity. It was found that 4 patients with drug resistance to Tuberculosis died (57%). Among the patients who died, it was observed that patients aged 83, 70 years and 66 years were not vaccinated with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). It was found in this case report that patients with COVID-19 and Tuberculosis have 60% less chance of cure. Furthermore, patients cured with pulmonary sequelae of COVID-19 may be at greater risk of developing advances in the worsening of Tuberculosis in the future. However, according to the results found in this case report, in some socially vulnerable regions where the forms of advanced Tuberculosis occur there is the presence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis strains. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that Mycobactrium tuberculosis (MTB) infection in the socially vulnerable population increased the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of COVID-19 or vice-versa. Based on this case report, it is recommended that, in the socially vulnerable population, the status of MTB infection be verified in patients with suspected COVID-19 at hospital admission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 in Socially Vulnerable Patients with Tuberculosis in Brazil

Ramos¹,

Araújo²,

Venturini³

et al. 2022

GJHS

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“… 22 , 23 Until such new vaccines are developed, booster BCG vaccination may be beneficial to prevent COVID-19 infection. 24 As of August 20, 2021, there are 296 vaccine candidates under development, of which 112 are in the clinical development stage. 25 The vaccine platforms include protein subunit, viral vector (replicating or non-replicating), DNA, RNA and inactivated virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on the COVID-19 Vaccine Research Trends: A Bibliometric Analysis

Xu¹,

Qu²,

Ren³

et al. 2021

IDR

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Background:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is ravaging the world. To date, there are no standard therapies available to cure the disease. Consequently, research on COVID-19 vaccines is booming. This report aimed to assess the research trends of the global COVID-19 vaccines. Methods: The relevant publications on the COVID-19 vaccines were searched in the Web of Science Core Collection Database (WOSCC) database from December 2019 to 11 August 2021. The VOSviewer1.6.16 was used to assess the co-authorship, cooccurrence, citation of countries, institutions, authors, journals, and hotspot keywords. The HistCite TM (http://www.histcite.com/) software was used to calculate the total local citation score (TLCS) and total global citation score (TGCS) of each variable and generate the citation historiography graph of COVID-19 vaccine development using the citation time series analysis method. Results: A total of 5070 studies authored by 21,151 researchers and published by 1364 different journals were eventually included in this study. The bulk of the retrieved studies were original articles (n = 2401, 47.36%). Among these studies, 1204 (23.75%) were published in 2020. A total of 3863 (76.19%) were published in 2021 and 4295 (84.71%) were open access. The highest number of studies was conducted in the USA, followed by England, China, and Germany. The main partners of the USA were China, England, and

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“…A Phase III randomized clinical trial confirmed that recent vaccination with BCG protects the elderly against new respiratory infections ( 31 ). Also, booster BCG vaccination in high-risk healthcare workers was shown to prevent COVID-19 ( 32 ). Accordingly, in the mice model, BCG administration can protect from SARS-CoV-2 infection ( 33 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale Structure-Based Screening of Potential T Cell Cross-Reactivities Involving Peptide-Targets From BCG Vaccine and SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2022

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Although not being the first viral pandemic to affect humankind, we are now for the first time faced with a pandemic caused by a coronavirus. The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused more than 4.5 million deaths worldwide. Despite unprecedented efforts, with vaccines being developed in a record time, SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread worldwide with new variants arising in different countries. Such persistent spread is in part enabled by public resistance to vaccination in some countries, and limited access to vaccines in other countries. The limited vaccination coverage, the continued risk for resistant variants, and the existence of natural reservoirs for coronaviruses, highlight the importance of developing additional therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses. At the beginning of the pandemic it was suggested that countries with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination programs could be associated with a reduced number and/or severity of COVID-19 cases. Preliminary studies have provided evidence for this relationship and further investigation is being conducted in ongoing clinical trials. The protection against SARS-CoV-2 induced by BCG vaccination may be mediated by cross-reactive T cell lymphocytes, which recognize peptides displayed by class I Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA-I) on the surface of infected cells. In order to identify potential targets of T cell cross-reactivity, we implemented an in silico strategy combining sequence-based and structure-based methods to screen over 13,5 million possible cross-reactive peptide pairs from BCG and SARS-CoV-2. Our study produced (i) a list of immunogenic BCG-derived peptides that may prime T cell cross-reactivity against SARS-CoV-2, (ii) a large dataset of modeled peptide-HLA structures for the screened targets, and (iii) new computational methods for structure-based screenings that can be used by others in future studies. Our study expands the list of BCG peptides potentially involved in T cell cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV-2-derived peptides, and identifies multiple high-density “neighborhoods” of cross-reactive peptides which could be driving heterologous immunity induced by BCG vaccination, therefore providing insights for future vaccine development efforts.

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Effectiveness of booster BCG vaccination in preventing Covid-19 infection

Cited by 35 publications

References 16 publications

COVID-19 in Socially Vulnerable Patients with Tuberculosis in Brazil

COVID-19 in Socially Vulnerable Patients with Tuberculosis in Brazil

Update on the COVID-19 Vaccine Research Trends: A Bibliometric Analysis

Large-Scale Structure-Based Screening of Potential T Cell Cross-Reactivities Involving Peptide-Targets From BCG Vaccine and SARS-CoV-2

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