Effectiveness of Certain Biocides and Essential Oils in Controlling Damping-Off and Root-Rot Diseases of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

Abstract

Damping-off and root-rot are some of the most important diseases attack soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in Egypt. The effect of biocides, i.e. Bio-Cure-F, Plant guard, and Rhizo-N, and essential oils of eucalyptus, thyme, and lemongrass oils, as well as the fungicide Vitavax-200, were evaluated in vitro, greenhouse and under field conditions during the two successive growing seasons, 2018 and 2019 to control damping-off and root-rot diseases of soybean. All the tested biocides and essential oils used significantly inhibited the linear growth of the tested pathogenic fungi, i.e., Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani compared with the control. Under greenhouse and field conditions in both growing seasons, obtained results indicated that all the tested biocides and essential oils significantly reduced the percentages of soybean damping-off and root-rot severity furthermore improved photosynthetic pigments content, growth parameters, and seed yield. Vitavax-200 and Plant guard gave the highest values of reduction in this respect, followed by Rhizo-N, lemongrass oil, Bio-Cure-F, thyme oil, and eucalyptus oil respectively. Besides, the quality parameters of soybean seeds showed a favorable elevation in total oil content, on the contrary, there was a general decrease in the seeds protein content. However, the correlations between seeds oil and protein contents were negatively correlated. It could be concluded in biocides and essential oils examined can be recommended for biocontrol of soybean damping-off and root-rot diseases.

Evaluation the Activities of Wood Vinegar and some Commercial Bio- Products in Management of Soil-Borne Fungi of Two Tagetes Varieties

“…The percentages of pre-, post-emergence damping-off were calculated at 15 and 30 days, respectively, as well as percentage of survived plants was calculated at the end of the experiment using the following formula (Sarhan, 2020): Root rot disease severity was also recorded at 90 days after planting according to our modification on the disease index of El-Sayed (2017) using the devised scale (1-5), 1 =healthy seedling, 2 = very little root rot, 3 = moderate root rot, 4 = severe root rot, 5 = complete root rot, as follows:…”

“…In terms of disease assessments, pre-and post-emergence damping off percentages, as well as root rot diseases and plant survival were assessed accordingly after 15, 30, and 90 days from planting. At 90 days after planting, measurements of growth parameters of the tagetes plants' growth including plant height (cm) and fresh and dry weights, were made for each treatment (Sarhan, 2020).…”

Systemic Resistance in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Elicited by Some Biotic Inducers Against Root Diseases

“…The disease incidence (DI) % was recorded as percentages of pre-, postemergence damping-off and root-rot each 15, 30, and 90 days later after the sowing process, subsequently. The percentages of pre-, post-emergence damping-off and root-rot were calculated using the following formula [30] grown in nutrient broth medium in 250-ml flasks and put on the shaker for 3 days at 150 rpm at 28°C, then a cell suspension from each strain was modified to give 10 9 CFU/ml. utilizing a hemocytometer slide [32].…”

“…Disease assessment was recorded as percentages of pre-, post-emergence damping-off, and root-rot each 15, 30 and 90 days later subsequently. Percentages of pre-, post-emergence damping-off and root-rot were calculated as previously described in the pathogenicity test [30].…”

Activity of extracts from selected Tanzanian spices on major fungal pathogens and blight diseases of Tomato

“…The extract also supported growth of the pathogen by about 25% at the onset of the experiment. An activity of between 66 and 100% has been reported in lemongrass against Fusarium oxysporum, F. moniliformae, F. solani and Rhizoctonia solani (Moh et al, 2020;Sarhan, 2020). In other studies, lemongrass has completely inhibited growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp ciceris, hindered its sporulation as well spore germination and reduced wilt incidence in chickpea by 88% (Moutassem et al, 2019).…”