Effectiveness of Cetylpyridinium Chloride in Reducing the Growth of Bacteria that Cause Periodontal Disease

Abstract

Periodontal disease is a common dental and oral health problem in the community which is usually caused by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Streptococcus mutans. This study aimed to provide information about the cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) which can inhibit the growth of bacteria that cause periodontal disease. This was a narrative review literature study sourced from Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Pubmed (MEDLINE) databases. The keywords used were CPC inhibition, antimicrobial agent, periodontal pathogen bacteria, periodontal disease, and mouthwash. The results obtained 31 articles with appropriate titles and three review articles. Cetylpyridinium chloride is a mouthwash containing a monocationic quaternary ammonium compound consisting of quaternary nitrogen with a positive charge. with a positive charge. The molecular formula of CPC was C12H38CIN, and the molecular weight was 340g/mol with the IUPAC name 1-hexadecylpyridinium chloride. Cetylpyridinium chloride could inhibit the growth of oral pathogenic bacteria by adsorbing negative charges from bacteria, increasing the permeability of bacterial cell walls, decreasing cell metabolism, damaging cell membranes, and reducing the attachment of bacteria to the tooth surface which could reduce the growth of bacterial cells as the cause of periodontal disease. In conclusion, cetylpyridinium chloride is a potent antibacterial agent suitable used as a mouthwash to prevent periodontal disease. Keywords: cetylpyridinium chloride inhibition; antimicrobial agent; periodontal pathogen bacteria; periodontal disease; mouthwash

Effect of Commercial Children’s Mouthrinses and Toothpastes on the Viability of Neonatal Human Melanocytes: An In Vitro Study

“…Mouthrinses can penetrate intraoral tissues efficiently [92]. CPC is a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) that exhibits antiplaque and antimicrobial properties due to its cationic component, allowing it to bind negatively charged intraoral proteins, making it an efficient substitute for chlorhexidine [93][94][95]. Moreover, compared to chlorhexidine mouthrinses that are known to cause extrinsic tooth staining [96], the use of CPC-containing mouthrinses causes lesser staining [97].…”

Current insights into the effects of cationic biocides exposure on Enterococcus spp.

“…Other QACs include cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), also known as 1-hexadecylpyridinium chloride, corresponding to the chlorine salt of a positively charged pyridine bonded to a hexadecane lipophilic chain, and cetrimide (CE), which consists in a mixture of tetradecyltrimethylammonium, dodecyltrimethylammonium, and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromides (Figure 1-1; Council of Europe, 2019; Mao et al, 2020;Lv et al, 2023;Okeke et al, 2023). CPC, whose antimicrobial activity was first described in 1939, has been used for decades in dentistry, being predominantly found in over-the-counter oral hygiene products, such as mouthwashes, toothpastes, and sprays, at 30-3000 mg/L, for the prevention and control of oral infections (Mao et al, 2020;Komine et al, 2021;Takeda et al, 2022;Lv et al, 2023;Setiawatie et al, 2023). In addition, it is approved by regulatory agencies of several countries including the USA, but not the European Union, for the sanitization of poultry carcasses in poultry processing plants, at concentrations of ≤1% (Beers et al, 2006;Waldroup et al, 2010;Safe Foods Corporation, 2019; FSIS -U.S. Food Safety and Inspection Service -Department of Agriculture, 2023).…”

Nigella sativa 3% Inhibition Test of Nаturаl Toothpаste Compаred Cetylpyridinum chloride (CPC) Toothpаste 0.01-0.1% on Аggregаtibаcter actinomycetemcomitаns

“…This research is based on the development of previous research by Setiawati et al, 23 and the procedure is based on research conducted by Toar et al 22…”