We conducted an observational study of parent-child interaction in home activity settings (routines) of families raising young children with developmental disabilities and problem behavior. Our aim was to empirically investigate the construct validity of coercion in typical but unsuccessful family routines. The long-term goal was to develop an expanded ecological unit of analysis that may contribute to sustainable behavioral family intervention. Ten children with autism and/or mental retardation and their families participated. Videotaped observations were conducted in typical but unsuccessful home routines. Parent-child interaction in routines was coded in real time and sequential analyses were conducted to test hypotheses about coercive processes. Following observation, families were interviewed about the social validity of the construct. Results confirmed the presence of statistically significant, attention-driven coercive processes in routines in which parents were occupied with non-child centered tasks. Results partially confirmed the presence of escape-driven coercive processes in routines in which parent demands are common. Additional analysis revealed an alternative pattern with greater magnitude. Family perspectives suggested the social validity of the construct. Results are discussed in terms of preliminary, partial evidence for coercive processes in routines of families of children with developmental disabilities. Implications for behavioral assessment and intervention design are discussed.
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Author ManuscriptAlthough there have been significant advances in our understanding of child problem behavior and parent-child interaction (Patterson, 1982;Stormshak, Bierman, McMahon, & Lengua, 2000), very little of this knowledge has been developed in the context of families raising children with developmental disabilities. The etiology of problem behavior in the context of parent-child interaction in the home has been studied in non-disabled populations almost exclusively (McMahon, 1994;Reid, Patterson, & Snyder, 2002). Despite significant social costs of problem behaviors for families of children with disabilities (Singer & Irvin, 1991), the scientific literature includes few studies that address processes of parent-child interaction that develop and maintain problem behaviors among these families (Floyd & Phillipe, 1993). Furthermore, there are no studies in the developmental disabilities literature that have examined the way in which typical family contexts may affect the development of child problem behavior. Such research is viewed as necessary if we are to develop behavioral family interventions that are acceptable, effective and sustainable when used by parents in natural family settings (Bristol et al., 1996). Although there is growing empirical evidence for the effectiveness of positive behavioral interventions for children with disabilities and problem behavior (Koegel, Koegel, & Dunlap, 1996), there is only modest evidenc...