Effectiveness of Control Programs for Pneumonia Among Children in China and Fiji

Shimouchi, Akira; Dai, Yaohua; Zhonghan, Zhu; Rabukawaqa, Vilikesa B.

doi:10.1093/clind/21.supplement_3.s213

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Thus, "fast breathing" is described only by the impression of the care-takers, most by the mothers of the sick children. Nevertheless, the proportion of "fast breathing" among all ARI was 10.9% (172/1589), which was within the range of the above-mentioned prospective studies (8,15,16). Therefore, discussions on the treatment of fast breathing cases as a proxy of pneumonia should be meaningful.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

A Household Survey on Morbidity and Treatment of Acute Respiratory Infections in Communities in Vietnam

Shimouchi

Huong²,

HIEP

et al. 2002

Environ. Health Prev. Med.

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Objective: To ascertain the extent of under-utilization and insufficiency or inappropriateness in provision of health services as one of the possible causes of high mortality from pediatric pneumonia in pilot areas in Vietnam.Method: The household survey on morbidity and treatment of acute respiratory infections, simple cough, and cold and pneumonia, was conducted in two communities with 10% sampling of the child population.Results: Both under-treatment of "fast breathing", a proxy for pneumonia, and over-treatment of simple cough and cold with antimicrobials by health workers, mothers, and private practitioners were common.Conclusions: A household survey on morbidity and treatment was found to be useful to clarify actual practices in the treatment of acute respiratory infections in the community, which cannot be obtained by mere interview with health workers or mothers. Since a change of knowledge did not automatically lead to change of practice, the training of health workers, health education of mothers and provision of antimicrobials at village health stations would not guarantee improved practice of health workers and mothers. Therefore, constant supervision for health workers, continued health education of mothers and involvement of private practitioners are needed to improve the situation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

A Household Survey on Morbidity and Treatment of Acute Respiratory Infections in Communities in Vietnam

Shimouchi

Huong²,

HIEP

et al. 2002

Environ. Health Prev. Med.

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“…Comparando áreas com programas de prevenção a áreas controle, houve uma redução significativa na mortalidade das crianças menores de 5 anos após 1 ano de intervenção (8,1 contra 17,5 mortes por 1.000 crianças). Um estudo semelhante na China, após a implementação de programas de controle de mortalidade, mostrou redução de mortalidade por pneumonia de 40,1 mortes por 1.000 nascidos vivos em 1990 para 31,8 por 1.000 em 1991 4 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Com essas medidas, houve redução na mortalidade por pneumonia em crianças menores de 5 anos, como observado em estudos realizados na Índia e na China 3,4 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Pneumonia mortality in Brazilian children younger than or equal to 4 years

Rodrigues¹,

Tatto²,

Vauchinski³

et al. 2011

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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Objective: To evaluate the trend of pneumonia mortality in Brazilian children aged 4 years and younger from 1991 to 2007. Methods:We conducted a retrospective study based on the database of the IT Department of the Brazilian Unified Health System (DATASUS), from which we obtained the number of deaths from pneumonia and the population aged 4 years and younger living in the five Brazilian regions and in the whole country. Mortality rate was calculated according to the number of deaths from pneumonia divided by the population, multiplied by 1,000 for the age group under 1 year old and by 10,000 in the age group from 1 to 4 years. The linear regression test was used to evaluate the time trend of mortality. Results:There was a significant decrease in pneumonia mortality rates during the study period in both age groups and all regions of the country. In Brazil, the mean annual reduction in mortality rates in the population under 1 year old and between 1 and 4 years was 0.12 and 0.07, respectively. The South and Southeast regions showed the greatest reductions (-0.14 and -0.18 for < 1 year and -0.07 and -0.09 for 1 to 4 years). The smallest decreases were in the North and Northeast regions (-0.04 and -0.07) in children younger than 1 year, and in the North and Central West (-0.03 and -0.04) in the age group between 1 and 4 years. Conclusions:There was a significant reduction in pneumonia mortality in children aged 4 years and younger across the country from 1991 to 2007; however, a discrepancy between the different regions remains evident.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2011;87(2):111-114: Pneumonia, mortality, children, retrospective study. ResumoObjetivos: Avaliar a tendência de mortalidade por pneumonia em crianças brasileiras até 4 anos de idade no período de 1991 a 2007.Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo baseado em banco de dados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), do qual foram extraídos o número de óbitos por pneumonia e a população residente de até 4 anos de idade nas cinco regiões brasileiras e no país como um todo. O coeficiente de mortalidade foi calculado pelo número de óbitos por pneumonia dividido pela população, multiplicando por 1.000 na faixa etária menor de 1 ano e por 10.000 na faixa etária de 1 a 4 anos. Utilizou-se o teste de regressão linear para avaliar a tendência temporal de mortalidade.Resultados: Observou-se um decréscimo significativo de mortalidade por pneumonia no período estudado em ambas as faixas etárias e em todas as regiões do país. No Brasil como um todo, a redução média anual dos coeficientes de mortalidade na população menor de 1 ano e naquela entre 1 e 4 anos foi de 0,12 e 0,07, respectivamente. As Regiões Sul e Sudeste apresentaram as maiores reduções (-0,14 e -0,18 para < 1 ano; -0,07 e -0,09 para 1 a 4 anos). As menores reduções foram nas Regiões Norte e Nordeste (-0,04 e -0,07) nas crianças menores de 1 ano, e nas Regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste (-0,03 e -0,04) na faixa etária entre 1 e 4 anos. Conclusões:Houve uma redução significativa na m...

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“…Several nationwide epidemiological studies and other research projects concerning child healthcare problems have been conducted successfully through this network, 8,9 which contains listings for thousands of medical staff and hundreds of child healthcare centers and institutes. Weight and height values for each child from birth to 7 years of age are taken annually, and the values are plotted on a growth chart for each individual.…”

Section: Quality Of Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Pressure Is Associated With Body Mass Index in Both Normal and Obese Children

et al. 2000

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Abstract-Obesity is associated with elevated blood pressure (BP) both in adults and children. Childhood obesity has become a severe health problem, especially during the last few decades. So far there has not been any large-scale study specifically focusing on the association between obesity and BP in early life. The aim of this study is to examine systematically the association between obesity and BP in preschool Chinese children in mainland China. In 1996, measurements of weight, height, and BP values were collected in a nationwide, case-control study of 748 boys and 574 girls who ranged in age from 0.1 to 6.9 years in 8 cities in mainland China. One obese child and 1 nonobese child were matched for gender and age. The BP differences of the mean-matched pair were Ϸ5 mm Hg for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and Ϸ4 mm Hg for diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (PϽ0.05); a higher value was noted in obese children. The BP value of 19.4% children in the obese group and 7.0% children in the nonobese group was higher than the 95th percentile value (PϽ0.0001), which is defined as high BP by the Task Force on Blood Pressure Control in Children. Both SBP and DBP were significantly (PϽ0.05) positively related to body mass index (BMI) values (PϽ0.05) for children in obese and nonobese groups after adjustment for age, gender, and height. To be specific, an increase of 1 BMI unit was associated with, on average, an increase of 0.56 mm Hg and 0.54 mm Hg in SBP and DBP, respectively, for obese children. In nonobese children, the increase in SBP and DBP was 1.22 mm Hg and 1.20 mm Hg, respectively. An increase in the BMI is conclusively associated with elevated SBP and DBP in nonobese children. Furthermore, an increase in the adjusted BMI was associated with an increase in SBP and DBP in obese and nonobese children.

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Effectiveness of Control Programs for Pneumonia Among Children in China and Fiji

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

A Household Survey on Morbidity and Treatment of Acute Respiratory Infections in Communities in Vietnam

A Household Survey on Morbidity and Treatment of Acute Respiratory Infections in Communities in Vietnam

Pneumonia mortality in Brazilian children younger than or equal to 4 years

Blood Pressure Is Associated With Body Mass Index in Both Normal and Obese Children

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