Effectiveness of Eggshells as Natural Heterogeneous Catalysts for Transesterification of Rapeseed Oil with Methanol

Gaide, Ieva; Makarevičienė, Violeta; Sendžikienė, Eglė

doi:10.3390/catal12030246

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The researchers studied the process of methanolysis of rapeseed oil by changing the amount of eggshell from 4 to 10 wt%. The optimal amount was determined to be 6.8 wt% [21]. Wei et al obtained a very similar optimal amount of catalyst as in this study, although methanol was used in the process [22].…”

Section: Modeling and Determination Of Optimal Reaction Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…A study on the synthesis of soyabean oil methyl ester was conducted by Wei et al [22]; it was found that the optimal alcohol-to-oil molar ratio is 9:1, and the same optimal molar ratio of methanol-to-oil was determined by Graziottin et al [28]. Gaide et al [21] determined that an increase in the yield of rapeseed oil methyl ester is observed until the methanol-to-oil molar ratio increases up to 13:1, and further increase in the methanol amount leads to a decrease in the ester yield. Therefore, a high amount of alcohol is not desirable for the transesterification process as it can increase reversible reaction [35].…”

Section: Modeling and Determination Of Optimal Reaction Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Researchers have conducted biodiesel synthesis studies using eggshell and methanol as a catalyst [20][21][22][23]. No information was found about oil transesterification studies using eggshell as a catalyst and other alcohols than methanol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapeseed Oil Transesterification Using 1-Butanol and Eggshell as a Catalyst

et al. 2023

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Biodiesel can be produced both in homogeneous and heterogeneous ways. Heterogeneous synthesis allows to easily separate catalyst from esters. In this work, eggshells as a heterogeneous catalyst were used for triglyceride transesterification with 1-butanol. Response surface methodology was used for process optimization. It was obtained that eggshells are a suitable catalyst for transesterification processes. A longer process duration and higher catalyst amount have a high influence on ester yield. However, the amount of 1-butanol should not be maximized. Optimum transesterification reaction conditions were obtained when the process temperature was 110 °C, 1-butanol-to-oil molar ratio 11.3:1, eggshells amount 7.41 wt%, and process duration 11.81 h. Under these conditions, 98.78 wt% of ester yield was obtained.

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Section: Modeling and Determination Of Optimal Reaction Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Modeling and Determination Of Optimal Reaction Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Rapeseed Oil Transesterification Using 1-Butanol and Eggshell as a Catalyst

et al. 2023

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“…The most commonly used acyl acceptors in biodiesel synthesis are alcohols. Most studies on biodiesel production have been conducted using methanol [ 18 , 24 , 25 ], ethanol [ 19 , 26 ], and butanol [ 7 , 21 ]. Some researchers are conducting transesterification studies with longer and branched chain alcohols [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic Transesterification of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Oil with Isoamyl Alcohol

2023

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In this experimental study, biodiesel was synthesized from the salmon oil using the Lipozyme®RM IM (Bagsværd, Denmark) as a biocatalyst. Isoamyl alcohol was used as an acyl acceptor in the transesterification process. The aim of this study is to select the best process conditions, aiming to obtain the highest transesterification degree that meets the requirements of the EN 14214 standard. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for statistical analysis and optimization of process parameters. A four-factor experimental design was modelled by central compositional design (CCD) to investigate the effects of biocatalyst concentration, isoamyl alcohol-to-oil molar ratio, temperature, and duration on transesterification degree. It was determined that the optimal parameters for biodiesel synthesis were the following: an enzyme concentration of 11% (wt. of oil mass); a process temperature of 45 °C; a process duration of 4 h; and an alcohol-to-oil molar ratio of 6:1. The transesterification degree of biodiesel reached 87.23%. The stepwise addition of isoamyl alcohol during the transesterification process further increased the degree of transesterification to 96.5%.

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“…Using heterogeneous catalysts has the benefit that they can be easily separated from the final products and reused. Waste products, including eggshells, mollusk shells, fishbone, golden, and mud crab shells, are inexpensive and can be used as heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel synthesis [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization using response surface methodology for producing biodiesel from waste cooking oil using fishbone catalyst

Maqsood

Alsaady

2022

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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Fuel demand has increased due to motorization and industrial activities. Specially cultivated crops can be used to make biodiesel. However, certain forms of biodiesel create ethical concerns since they are derived from crops utilized as food sources. Biodiesel manufacturing technologies that are cost-effective and environmentally friendly must be continually researched and improved if this biofuel is competitive with petroleum-based fuels while resolving these ethical concerns. Substituting a less expensive oil like waste cooking oil (WCO) for vegetable oil for biodiesel can lower the entire production cost. Biodiesel from waste cooking oil has shown promising results. Generally, an optimal combination of temperature and reaction time is required to develop a biodiesel manufacturing method that is both long-term and cost-effective. One viable alternative is the methanolysis of used cooking oil utilizing fish bone waste as a catalyst. This research focuses on modeling and optimizing temperature and time-dependent characteristics for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using fishbone as a catalyst. The results of the experiments with 6 % catalyst and with a temperature range of 55 °C to 65 °C and reaction duration between 5 minutes to 120 minutes were utilized to optimize the biodiesel manufacturing process using the response surface methodology (RSM).

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Effectiveness of Eggshells as Natural Heterogeneous Catalysts for Transesterification of Rapeseed Oil with Methanol

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

Rapeseed Oil Transesterification Using 1-Butanol and Eggshell as a Catalyst

Rapeseed Oil Transesterification Using 1-Butanol and Eggshell as a Catalyst

Enzymatic Transesterification of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Oil with Isoamyl Alcohol

Optimization using response surface methodology for producing biodiesel from waste cooking oil using fishbone catalyst

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