Effectiveness of Exercise on Visceral Adipose Tissue in Older South Asian Women

Lesser, Iris A.; Singer, Joel; Hoogbruin, Amandah Lea; Mackey, Dawn C.; Katzmarzyk, Peter T.; Sohal, Parmjit; Leipsic, Jonathon; Lear, Scott A.

doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000906

Cited by 21 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The following results are a sub analysis of the data from the previously published randomized controlled trial from which this population was contrived. We have previously found in within-group pre-post comparisons, that there was a significant reduction in VAT (p=0.040) and WC (p=0.037) after a 12-week standard exercise program, as well as in SAAT (p<0.001), TAAT (P<0.001), BMI (p=0.027), WC (p<0.001), body fat (p=0.036) and glucose (p=0.039) after a 12-week Bhangra dance program (Lesser et al, 2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…We have previously found in within-group pre-post comparisons, that there was a significant reduction in VAT (p=0.040) and WC (p=0.037) after a 12-week standard exercise program, as well as in SAAT (p<0.001), TAAT (P<0.001), BMI (p=0.027), WC (p<0.001), body fat (p=0.036) and glucose (p=0.039) after a 12-week Bhangra dance program (Lesser et al, 2016). Therefore, our primary objective in this study was to assess the associations between changes in VAT, SAAT, WC, percent body fat and BMI with changes in cardiometabolic risk factors following a 12-week supervised aerobic exercise intervention in inactive, post-menopausal South Asian women as a follow-up to the above mentioned randomized controlled trial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Association between exercise-induced change in body composition and change in cardiometabolic risk factors in postmenopausal South Asian women

Lesser

Guenette

Hoogbruin

et al. 2016

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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The South Asian population suffers from a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). A unique obesity phenotype of elevated visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with CVD risk among South Asians. Exercise-induced reduction in VAT and body fat is an effective mechanism to improve cardiometabolic risk factors but this has not been shown in South Asians. Whether exercise-induced changes in measurements such as waist circumference (WC) are independently related to changes in cardiometabolic risk factors in South Asians is unknown. Multi-slice computed tomography scanning was used to assess VAT, cardiometabolic risk factors through a fasting blood sample, and body fat using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Forty- nine postmenopausal South Asian women who participated in two 12-week aerobic exercise programs were included. Bivariate correlations were used to assess associations between change in cardiometabolic risk factors and change in body composition. Regression analyses were conducted with change in glucose, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) as dependent variables and change in body composition as independent variables of interest. There were significant associations between changes in fasting insulin, glucose, and HOMA-IR with change in VAT. The association between change in VAT and these cardiometabolic risk factors was independent of change in other body composition variables of interest. South Asian women should be encouraged to engage in aerobic activity to reduce their risk of type 2 diabetes and CVD, and physicians should be aware of improvements in glucose regulation with exercise training not observed through reductions in WC.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Association between exercise-induced change in body composition and change in cardiometabolic risk factors in postmenopausal South Asian women

Lesser

Guenette

Hoogbruin

et al. 2016

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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“…Numerous studies of various forms of physical activity have been conducted in a range of populations. In randomised trials, exercise interventions have demonstrated improvements in one or more of the components of MetS in South Asians [72][73][74] and East Asians [75,76]. In Chinese men, an intervention of Tai Chi was effective at reducing BP and TG [77].…”

Section: Physical Activity Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, South Asians have lower physical activity levels compared with other populations [132,133], which may be rooted in cultural context [134]. In addition, adherence to and enjoyment of exercise may be based on the physical activity type, which also may have cultural relevance, such as Bhangra dance in South Asians [73] or Tai Chi in East Asians [135].…”

Section: Other Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnicity and Metabolic Syndrome: Implications for Assessment, Management and Prevention

Lear

Gasevic

2019

Nutrients

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The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of cardiometabolic risk factors that identifies people at increased risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. While the global prevalence is 20%–25% of the adult population, the prevalence varies across different racial/ethnic populations. In this narrative review, evidence is reviewed regarding the assessment, management and prevention of MetS among people of different racial/ethnic groups. The most popular definition of MetS considers race/ethnicity for assessing waist circumference given differences in visceral adipose tissue and cardiometabolic risk. However, defining race/ethnicity may pose challenges in the clinical setting. Despite 80% of the world’s population being of non-European descent, the majority of research on management and prevention has focused on European-derived populations. In these studies, lifestyle management has proven an effective therapy for reversal of MetS, and randomised studies are underway in specific racial/ethnic groups. Given the large number of people at risk for MetS, prevention efforts need to focus at community and population levels. Community-based interventions have begun to show promise, and efforts to improve lifestyle behaviours through alterations in the built environment may be another avenue. However, careful consideration needs to be given to take into account the unique cultural context of the target race/ethnic group.

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“…Indeed, a number of studies conducted in Canada showed the positive impact PA has on the SACs population in reducing CVD risk factors (Table 1 ) and their predictors. For example, Lesser et al showed that a 12-weeks PA intervention significantly reduced total abdominal adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue, waist circumference (WC), and body fat percentage amongst SACs ( 29 , 30 ). They also found an overall improvement in aerobic fitness, and an association between changes in VAT and changes in glucose and insulin sensitivity.…”

Section: Physical Activity Interventions For Cvd Prevention In Sacsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Physical Activity Prescription in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Amongst South Asian Canadians

Tharmaratnam

Iskandar

Doherty

et al. 2018

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Unequivocal evidence suggests an increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) amongst South Asian Canadians (SACs) compared to other ethnic cohorts, due to a combination of their unique cardiometabolic profile and environmental factors. This unfavorable CVD profile is characterized by an elevated risk of dyslipidemia, high apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio, hypertension, glucose intolerance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as increased BMI, body fat percentage, abdominal and visceral adiposity. Despite the overwhelming evidence for the effectiveness of physical activity (PA) in circumventing the onset of CVD and in the reduction of CVD risk factors, SACs are among the most physically inactive cohorts in Canada. This relates to a set of common and unique socio-cultural barriers, such as gender, beliefs and perceptions about illness, immigration, unfavorable PA environments, and their high prevalence of debilitating chronic diseases. Several strategies to improve PA participation rates in this high-risk population have been suggested, and include the implementation of culturally sensitive PA interventions, as well as clinician training in PA prescription through workshops that emphasize knowledge translation into clinical practice. Therefore, the purpose of this mini-review is to highlight and discuss: (1) the burden of heart disease in SACs (2) the cardiovascular benefits of PA for SACs; (3) factors affecting PA participation among SACs and how they can be addressed; (4) the impact of culturally sensitive PA prescription on CVD prevention; (5) barriers to culture-specific PA prescription by clinicians, and strategies to improve its use and impact.

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Effectiveness of Exercise on Visceral Adipose Tissue in Older South Asian Women

Abstract: In intention-to-treat analysis VAT was not significantly reduced after 12 wk of either standard or culturally based exercise. However, attendance in both standard and culturally based exercise was high, and VAT was significantly reduced among SA women who adhered to these programs.

Cited by 21 publications

References 34 publications

Association between exercise-induced change in body composition and change in cardiometabolic risk factors in postmenopausal South Asian women

Association between exercise-induced change in body composition and change in cardiometabolic risk factors in postmenopausal South Asian women

Ethnicity and Metabolic Syndrome: Implications for Assessment, Management and Prevention

The Role of Physical Activity Prescription in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Amongst South Asian Canadians

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