Effectiveness of Genes for Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Resistance in the Southeastern United States

Abstract

The Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is the most important insect pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum) in the southeastern United States, and the deployment of genetically resistant wheat is the most effective control. However, the use of resistant wheat results in the selection of pest genotypes that can overcome formerly resistant wheat. We have evaluated the effectiveness of 16 resistance genes for protection of wheat from Hessian fly infestation in the southeastern United States. Results documented that while 10 of the genes evaluated could provide protection of wheat, the most highly effective genes were H12, H18, H24, H25, H26, and H33. However, H12 and H18 have been reported to be only partially effective in field evaluations, and H24, H25, and H26 may be associated with undesirable effects on agronomic traits when introgressed into elite wheat lines. Thus, the most promising new gene for Hessian fly resistance appears to be H33. These results indicate that identified highly effective resistance in wheat to the Hessian fly is a limited resource and emphasize the need to identify novel sources of resistance. Also, we recommend that the deployment of resistance in gene pyramids and the development of novel strategies for engineered resistance be considered.

Genetic identification of loci for Hessian fly resistance in durum wheat

“…This gene was mapped in proximity of the centromere of chromosome 6B (Li et al 2013) in a bread wheat RIL population, and the position of the SRR surrounding the peak was also assigned to the 6B centromere in the durum wheat consensus genetic map of Maccaferri et al (2014). Further, Shukle et al (2016) determined that this gene is not effective against the virulent HF biotypes used in this study. These observations, together with its origin from bread wheat rather than T. araraticum, do not support the hypothesis that QHara.icd-6B corresponds to H34.…”

“…In chromosome 6B, two other resistance genes H34 () and H25 are also assigned to this chromosome (Friebe et al 1991;Li et al 2013). H25 is a highly effective gene (Shukle et al 2016) and was introgressed into bread wheat form the rye cultivar 'Balbo', via a terminal translocation T6BS•6BL-6R#2L. As such, the position of this gene corresponds to the telomeric end of 6BS where QHara.icd-6B localized.…”

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Hessian fly resistance in diploid wheat, Aegilops tauschii

“…In the current study we have characterized the phenotypic and molecular responses of five Ae. tauschii accessions to two Hessian fly stocks, field-collected biotype L, which is the most virulent Hessian fly biotype [24], and lab-cultured vH13 stock. A previous study documented the responses of several Ae.…”

Reassigning Hessian fly resistance genes H7 and H8 to chromosomes 6A and 2B of the wheat cultivar ‘Seneca’ using genotyping‐by‐sequencing

“…To date, 35 HF resistance genes ( H1 ‐ H34 and Hdic ) (Hao et al., 2013; Li, Chen, Chao, Yu, & Bai, 2013) have been officially named, and some of them have been deployed in wheat cultivars that have been used for commercial production (Cambron et al., 2010; Chen et al., 2009). Among these genes, H3 , H5 , H6 , and H7H8 have been deployed in the southeastern United States since 1986, and most of them have lost their effectiveness in the field after several years of deployment in wheat production, except H7H8 that still showed resistance (Cambron et al., 2010; Chen et al., 2009; Shukle et al., 2016). In addition, H12 , H13 , H18 , H24 , H25 , H26 , and H33 are still effective in the southern United States (Cambron et al., 2010; Shukle et al., 2016).…”

“…Among these genes, H3 , H5 , H6 , and H7H8 have been deployed in the southeastern United States since 1986, and most of them have lost their effectiveness in the field after several years of deployment in wheat production, except H7H8 that still showed resistance (Cambron et al., 2010; Chen et al., 2009; Shukle et al., 2016). In addition, H12 , H13 , H18 , H24 , H25 , H26 , and H33 are still effective in the southern United States (Cambron et al., 2010; Shukle et al., 2016).…”