Effectiveness of helium bubbles as traps for hydrogen

Vacancy-type defect production in CLAM steel after the co-implantation of He and H ion beams studied by positron-annihilation spectroscopy

“…TEM results indicate that He bubbles do not form when the fluence of He reaches 5 Â 10 20 cm À2 at room temperature [37]. He bubbles can form when the temperature reaches 0.4T m (T m is melting temperature) [38], and the annealing experiment of irradiated steel shows that He bubbles form when the temperature is higher than 450°C [39].…”

Helium-Hydrogen Synergistic Effects in Structural Materials Under Fusion Neutron Irradiation

“…Hydrogen might escape rapidly from metals due to its low solubility and high mobility, which is dependent on temperature. It has been demonstrated that hydrogen has positive binding energy with irradiation defects and would be effectively trapped inside the materials at a certain temperature (Abramov and Eliezer, 1988;Binyukova et al, 2007). The current studies have shown that displacement damage will interact with simultaneously produced helium and/or hydrogen, resulting in synergistic effects in blanket structural materials.…”

Behavior of helium in steel 16Cr12W2VTaB under various implantation temperatures

“…3). The estimation made using the procedure formerly presented [9] shows that the faceted bubbles formed at 900 K should be pre-equilibrium (i.e., p < 2c/r, where p is helium pressure, c the surface tension and r bubble radius) and the bubbles obtained at other temperatures should be overpressured.…”