2022
DOI: 10.3390/v14020245
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Effectiveness of Hepatitis B Vaccination Campaign in Italy: Towards the Control of HBV Infection for the First Time in a European Country

Abstract: Background: In 1991, a mass immunization campaign against the hepatitis B virus (HBV) for children and teenagers was introduced in Italy. This study evaluated the impact of the immunization campaign on the incidence and modes of HBV transmission. Method: Acute HBV cases of viral hepatitis were reported to the National Surveillance System (SEIEVA). Hepatitis A cases reported to the same system were used as controls to calculate the adjusted odds ratios and the population attributable risk for potential risk fac… Show more

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Cited by 12 publications
(24 citation statements)
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“…About one-third of notified cases of acute HB were not vaccinated, despite being well aware to be at behavioral or at occupational risk of infection for whom vaccination is highly recommended and administered free of charge. As for risk factors, beauty treatments including piercing and tattooing, unprotected sexual promiscuity, and being a family contact of an HBsAg carrier were among the strongest independent predictors of acute hepatitis B. Noteworthy, during the past decade (2010–2019), the number of IVDU patients with acute disease markedly decreased, while the number of those reported among foreigners significantly increased, currently accounting for nearly one-fifth of patients notified to SEIEVA [ 73 ].…”
Section: Effectiveness Of Vaccinationmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…About one-third of notified cases of acute HB were not vaccinated, despite being well aware to be at behavioral or at occupational risk of infection for whom vaccination is highly recommended and administered free of charge. As for risk factors, beauty treatments including piercing and tattooing, unprotected sexual promiscuity, and being a family contact of an HBsAg carrier were among the strongest independent predictors of acute hepatitis B. Noteworthy, during the past decade (2010–2019), the number of IVDU patients with acute disease markedly decreased, while the number of those reported among foreigners significantly increased, currently accounting for nearly one-fifth of patients notified to SEIEVA [ 73 ].…”
Section: Effectiveness Of Vaccinationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Vaccines against hepatitis B are highly immunogenic and able to confer long-lasting immunity. Vaccine-induced anti-HBs antibody concentrations decline or even disappear over time, but immune memory to HBsAg persists beyond the loss of antibodies, providing long-term protection against acute and chronic disease [ 64 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 ]. Most vaccinees who lost humoral immunity usually show strong anamnestic responses when boosted 25–35 years after primary vaccination.…”
Section: Conclusion and Future Prospectsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Patients with acute viral hepatitis B registered by SEIEVA from 2009 to 2020 were allocated in five age classes (0-14, 15-24, 25-34, 35-54, and 55 or more), with an incidence close to zero in age classes 0-14 and 15-24 and with a continuous downtrend in older age classes up to 2020[ 26 ] (Table 1 ). The cases of AHB in SEIEVA in the period 1991-2019 have been also analyzed by their geographical distribution[ 26 , 27 ], northern + central Italy vs southern Italy + main islands (Sicily and Sardinia), a distribution reflecting historical events and the behaviors of the respective inhabitants (Figure 1 ).…”
Section: Epidemiological and Clinical Changes Of Ahb In Italy Over La...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Figure 1 shows a clear trend towards an overtime reduction of the total number of cases in Italy, and moderate changes in cases distribution, increased in northern and central regions and decreased in southern and island areas[ 26 , 27 ].…”
Section: Epidemiological and Clinical Changes Of Ahb In Italy Over La...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…HBV and HCV screening was probably not performed in the entire population because HBV mass vaccination has been implemented in Italian infants for many decades and HCV rarely shows an acute course. 7 Four of 31 (12.9%) patients were vaccinated for SARS-CoV-2 (3 with 2 doses) supporting the absence of a role of the vaccine in triggering this condition. 38.2% had history of COVID-19 of whom 53.8% had it within the 3 months prior to observation.…”
mentioning
confidence: 91%