Effectiveness of impregnation of ammonium polyphosphate fire retardant in poplar wood using microwave heating

He, Xiaolong; Li, Xian Jun; Zhu, ZY; Mou, Qunying; Yong-lin, Yan; Chen, Hongbin; Liu, Linghong

doi:10.1002/fam.2344

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, the obvious improvement in ignition time and the decrease in maximum HRR of densified wood at various heat fluxes confirm the effective fire retardancy of the dense and self‐formed char layer on the densified wood surface. The combustion performance between the densified wood without fire retardants and other flame‐retardant techniques further proved the superior fire retardancy of densified wood (Table S2, Supporting Information) …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Dense, Self‐Formed Char Layer Enables a Fire‐Retardant Wood Structural Material

Gan

Chen

Wang

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

157

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Wood is one of the most abundant, sustainable, and aesthetically pleasing structural materials and is commonly used in building and furniture construction. Unfortunately, the fire hazard of wood is a major safety concern for its practical applications. Herein, an effective and environmentally friendly method is demonstrated to substantially improve the fire-retardant properties of wood materials by delignification and densification. The densification process eliminates the spaces between the cell walls, leading to a highly compact laminated structure that can block oxygen from infiltrating the material. In addition, an insulating wood char layer self-formed during the burning process obstructs the transport of heat and oxygen diffusion. These synergistic effects contribute to the material's excellent fire-retardant and self-extinguished properties, including a 2.08-fold enhancement in ignition time (t ig ) and 34.6% decrease in maximum heat release rate. Meanwhile, the densified wood shows a more than 82-fold enhancement in compressive strength compared with natural wood after exposure to flame for 90 s, which could effectively prevent the collapse and destruction of wooden structures, and gain precious rescue time when a fire occurs. The facile top-down chemical delignification and densification process enabling both substantially enhances fire-retardant performance and mechanical robustness represents a promising direction toward fire-retardant and high-strength structural materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Dense, Self‐Formed Char Layer Enables a Fire‐Retardant Wood Structural Material

Gan

Chen

Wang

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

157

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The flame retardant properties, such as peak heat release rate, total heat released and total smoke released, were measured for samples of pretreated and untreated with microwave and characterized by cone calorimeter. It was found that the treated wood showed better flame retardant properties, and moreover, the microwave pretreatment of wood can also increase the fire retardant properties of APP impregnated wood [61]. Wang et al found that the expanded vermiculite treatments improve the flame retardant properties of plywood.…”

Section: Coatings With Synergistic Flame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Retardant Coatings

Mariappan¹

2017

New Technologies in Protective Coatings

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Fire retardant coatings are often required to protect a wide range of products of both flammable and nonflammable against fire. It is an oldest, most efficient, and easiest method to apply any surface without modifying the intrinsic properties of materials. Moreover, the initial phase of fire always occurs on the surface by ignition, and hence, it is important to concentrate on the surface protection of a material. Being an organic nature of conventional surface coating will burn easily and generate smoke and toxic fumes, which may not be suitable for application where fire protection or fire prevention is required. Reaction-to-fire and/or resistance-to-fire are to be considered for assessing both flammable and non-flammable material by using fire retardant and fire resistant or fire protective coatings. The degree of fire retardation mainly depends on the coating thickness, substrates, and efficiency of formulations. This chapter explains briefly the fire retardation of wood by using fire retardant coatings.

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“…With this technique, high weight gains of up to 100% can be obtained depending on the wood’s anatomy, the solution’s viscosity, and the molecular weight of the compounds in solution [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. Impregnation using phosphorus-based compounds such as ammonium polyphosphate [ 40 ], guanyl urea phosphate [ 41 ] or organo-phosphorus compounds [ 42 ] provides an improvement of wood FR properties. However, it can be difficult and costly to impregnate timbers that have low permeability using this approach due to the need for non-continuous processes and drying time [ 43 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Polyelectrolyte Treatment to Flame-Retard Wood

et al. 2021

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Fire protection has been a major challenge in wood construction for many years, mainly due to the high flame spread risk associated with wood flooring. Wood fire-retardancy is framed by two main axes: coating and bulk impregnation. There is a growing need for economically and environmentally friendly alternatives. The study of polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) for wood substrates is in its infancy, but PECs’ versatility and eco-friendly character are already recognized for fabric fire-retardancy fabrics. In this study, a new approach to PEC characterization is proposed. First, PECs, which consist of polyethyleneimine and sodium phytate, were chemically and thermally characterized to select the most promising systems. Then, yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) was surface-impregnated under reduced pressure with the two PECs identified as the best options. Overall, wood fire-retardancy was improved with a low weight gain of 2 wt.% without increasing water uptake.

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Effectiveness of impregnation of ammonium polyphosphate fire retardant in poplar wood using microwave heating

Cited by 19 publications

References 8 publications

Dense, Self‐Formed Char Layer Enables a Fire‐Retardant Wood Structural Material

Dense, Self‐Formed Char Layer Enables a Fire‐Retardant Wood Structural Material

Fire Retardant Coatings

Innovative Polyelectrolyte Treatment to Flame-Retard Wood

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