Effectiveness of in planta control measures for Xylella fastidiosa

Bragard, Claude; Dehnen‐Schmutz, Katharina; Serio, Francesco Di; Gonthier, Paolo; Jacques, Marie‐Agnès; Miret, Josep Anton Jaques; Justesen, Annemarie Fejer; MacLeod, Alan; Magnusson, Christer Sven; Milonas, Panagiotis; Navas‐Cortés, Juan A; Potting, Roel; Reignault, Philippe Lucien; Thulke, Hans‐Hermann; Werf, Wopke Van der; Civera, Antonio Vicent; Yuen, Jonathan; Zappalà, Lucia; Makowski, David; Delbianco, Alice; Maiorano, Andrea; Guajardo, Irene Muñoz; Stancanelli, Giuseppe; Guzzo, Michela; Parnell, Stephen

doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5666

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In this work, we aimed to characterize the microbiota associated with the X. fastidiosa-resistant olive cultivar "Leccino", a highly promising cultivar able to survive and grow in Salento despite the severe X. fastidiosa outbreak that affects this region of Italy since several years [38]. So far, no effective method was found to control the pathogen [22,39,40], but only several conventional and innovative diagnostic approaches were tested for the De Donno strain [28,41,42]. It is of primary importance to understand the basic resistance mechanisms of "Leccino", in order to implement successful agronomical strategies to overcome the current critical situation of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Xylella fastidiosa-Resistant Olive Cultivar “Leccino” Has Stable Endophytic Microbiota during the Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS)

et al. 2019

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Xylella fastidiosa is a highly virulent pathogen that causes Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS), which is currently devastating olive plantations in the Salento region (Apulia, Southern Italy). We explored the microbiome associated with X. fastidiosa-infected (Xf-infected) and -uninfected (Xf-uninfected) olive trees in Salento, to assess the level of dysbiosis and to get first insights into the potential role of microbial endophytes in protecting the host from the disease. The resistant cultivar “Leccino” was compared to the susceptible cultivar “Cellina di Nardò”, in order to identify microbial taxa and parameters potentially involved in resistance mechanisms. Metabarcoding of 16S rRNA genes and fungal ITS2 was used to characterize both total and endophytic microbiota in olive branches and leaves. “Cellina di Nardò” showed a drastic dysbiosis after X. fastidiosa infection, while “Leccino” (both infected and uninfected) maintained a similar microbiota. The genus Pseudomonas dominated all “Leccino” and Xf-uninfected “Cellina di Nardò” trees, whereas Ammoniphilus prevailed in Xf-infected “Cellina di Nardò”. Diversity of microbiota in Xf-uninfected “Leccino” was higher than in Xf-uninfected “Cellina di Nardò”. Several bacterial taxa specifically associated with “Leccino” showed potential interactions with X. fastidiosa. The maintenance of a healthy microbiota with higher diversity and the presence of cultivar-specific microbes might support the resistance of “Leccino” to X. fastidiosa. Such beneficial bacteria might be isolated in the future for biological treatment of the OQDS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Xylella fastidiosa-Resistant Olive Cultivar “Leccino” Has Stable Endophytic Microbiota during the Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS)

et al. 2019

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“…In this section, the Panel reviewed and updated the control measures available by vectors control (Section 3.6.1), available resistant or tolerant germplasm (Section 3.6.2) and agriculture practices (Section 3.6.3), whereas risk reducing options for control in planta are assessed in a separate scientific opinion (EFSA PLH Panel, ). The phytosanitary measures were considered and reviewed within the analyses of the asymptomatic period (Section 3.2), the SRS (Section 3.3) and the long‐range spread (Section 3.4).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fertilising infected plants may temporary reduce disease severity. The effect of some products containing copper and zinc was extensively discussed in the EFSA scientific opinion on ‘Effectiveness of in planta control measures for X. fastidiosa ’ (EFSA PLH Panel, ).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… So far, no treatment has been found able to eliminate the bacteria from the plant (EFSA PLH Panel, ). Once a plant gets systemically infected, it remains infected.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once a plant gets systemically infected, it remains infected. The effect of some products containing copper and zinc was extensively discussed in the EFSA scientific opinion on ‘Effectiveness of in planta control measures for X. fastidiosa ’ (EFSA PLH Panel, ) An efficient vector control is fundamental for controlling and slowing down the spread of the Xylella ‐induced diseases. Field trials carried out in olive groves in Apulia confirmed the possibility to reduce the vector population through mechanical weed control methods, or, in the case of Philaenus spumarius , by sowing of Lolium spp.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Update of the Scientific Opinion on the risks to plant health posed by Xylella fastidiosa in the EU territory

Bragard¹,

Dehnen‐Schmutz²,

Serio³

et al. 2019

EFS2

Self Cite

140

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EFSA was asked to update the 2015 EFSA risk assessment on Xylella fastidiosa for the territory of the EU. In particular, EFSA was asked to focus on potential establishment, short-and long-range spread, the length of the asymptomatic period, the impact of X. fastidiosa and an update on risk reduction options. EFSA was asked to take into account the different subspecies and Sequence Types of X. fastidiosa. This was attempted throughout the scientific opinion but several issues with data availability meant that this could only be partially achieved. Models for risk of establishment showed most of the EU territory may be potentially suitable for X. fastidiosa although southern EU is most at risk. Differences in estimated areas of potential establishment were evident among X. fastidiosa subspecies, particularly X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex which demonstrated areas of potential establishment further north in the EU. The model of establishment could be used to develop targeted surveys by Member States. The asymptomatic period of X. fastidiosa varied significantly for different host and pathogen subspecies combinations, for example from a median of approximately 1 month in ornamental plants and up to 10 months in olive, for pauca. This variable and long asymptomatic period is a considerable limitation to successful detection and control, particularly where surveillance is based on visual inspection. Modelling suggested that local eradication (e.g. within orchards) is possible, providing sampling intensity is sufficient for early detection and effective control measures are implemented swiftly (e.g. within 30 days). Modelling of long-range spread (e.g. regional scale) demonstrated the important role of long-range dispersal and the need to better understand this. Reducing buffer zone width in both containment and eradication scenarios increased the area infected. Intensive surveillance for early detection, and consequent plant removal, of new outbreaks is crucial for both successful eradication and containment at the regional scale, in addition to effective vector control. The assessment of impacts indicated that almond and Citrus spp. were at lower impact on yield compared to olive. Although the lowest impact was estimated for grapevine, and the highest for olive, this was based on several assumptions including that the assessment considered only Philaenus spumarius as a vector. If other xylem-feeding insects act as vectors the impact could be different. Since the Scientific Opinion published in 2015, there are still no risk reduction options that can remove the bacterium from the plant in open field conditions. Short-and long-range spread modelling showed that an early detection and rapid application of phytosanitary measures, consisting among others of plant removal and vector control, are essential to prevent further spread of the pathogen to new areas. Further data collection will allow a reduction in uncertainty and facilitate more tailored and effective control given the intraspecific diversity of X. fastidiosa an...

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Feeding behaviour and mortality of Philaenus spumarius exposed to insecticides and their impact on Xylella fastidiosa transmission

Lago

Cornara

Minutillo

et al. 2022

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Insecticides are essential, though controversial tools in modern pest management. Insecticides can slow the spread of key vector‐borne plant pathogens, but often lead to inconsistent results given that insecticide use is generally focused on acute toxicity under no‐choice conditions. Here, we analysed the lethal (survival) and sublethal (feeding behaviour) effects of six commercial products (acetamiprid, deltamethrin, spinosad, sulfoxaflor, pyrethrin and kaolin) on Philaenus spumarius, vector of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. Furthermore, we assessed the impact of insecticides displaying different degrees of acute toxicity against spittlebugs (highest to lowest: acetamiprid, pyrethrin and kaolin) on the transmission of X. fastidiosa by P. spumarius under both free‐choice and no‐choice conditions. RESULTS Deltamethrin, acetamiprid and to a limited extent pyrethrin significantly altered the feeding behaviour of P. spumarius. Deltamethrin and acetamiprid were highly toxic against P. spumarius, but the mortality induced by exposure to pyrethrin was limited overall. By contrast, spinosad, sulfoxaflor and kaolin did not significantly impact P. spumarius feeding behaviour or survival. Under no‐choice conditions, both pyrethrin and acetamiprid reduced the X. fastidiosa inoculation rate compared with kaolin and the control. On the other hand, pyrethrin reduced transmission, but acetamiprid failed to significantly affect bacterial inoculation under free‐choice conditions. CONCLUSION Pyrethrin was the only compound able to reduce X. fastidiosa transmission under both free‐choice and no‐choice conditions. Xylella fastidiosa management strategy based exclusively on the evaluation of insecticide acute toxicity under no‐choice conditions would most likely fail to prevent, or slow, bacterial spread. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Effectiveness of in planta control measures for Xylella fastidiosa

Cited by 30 publications

References 15 publications

The Xylella fastidiosa-Resistant Olive Cultivar “Leccino” Has Stable Endophytic Microbiota during the Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS)

The Xylella fastidiosa-Resistant Olive Cultivar “Leccino” Has Stable Endophytic Microbiota during the Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS)

Update of the Scientific Opinion on the risks to plant health posed by Xylella fastidiosa in the EU territory

Feeding behaviour and mortality of Philaenus spumarius exposed to insecticides and their impact on Xylella fastidiosa transmission

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