Effectiveness of influenza vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in Qatar

Tayar, Elias; Abdeen, Sami; Alah, Muna Abed; Chemaitelly, Hiam; Bougmiza, Iheb; Ayoub, Houssein H.; Kaleeckal, Anvar Hassan; Latif, Ali Nizar; Shaik, Riyazuddin Mohammad; Al-Romaihi, Hamad Eid; Al-Thani, Mohamed H.; Bertollini, Roberto; Abu-Raddad, Laith J; Al‐Khal, Abdullatif

doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2022.12.016

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Of the 92 full-text articles identified, 58 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria, and two others were obtained from the references. The remaining 36 articles reported on 55,996,841 subjects outcomes were included in this analysis [21–56] . None of the participants had received COVID-19 vaccination during the study period.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between influenza vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection and its outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis

Jiang

Huang

Jia

et al. 2022

Chinese Medical Journal

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Background: World Health Organization recommends that influenza vaccines should benefit as much of the population as possible, especially where resources are limited. Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become one of the greatest threats to health systems worldwide. The present study aimed to extend the evidence of the association between influenza vaccination and COVID-19 to promote the former. Methods: In this systematic review, four electronic databases, including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, were searched for related studies published up to May 2022. All odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled by meta-analysis. Results: A total of 36 studies, encompassing 55,996,841 subjects, were included in this study. The meta-analysis for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection provided an OR of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.73-0.87). The statistically significant estimates for clinical outcomes were 0.83 (95% CI: 0.72-0.96) for intensive care unit admission, 0.69 (95% CI: 0.57-0.84) for ventilator support, and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.52-0.93) for fatal infection, while no effect seen in hospitalization with an OR of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.68-1.10). Conclusion: Influenza vaccination helps limit SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe outcomes, but further studies are needed. Registration: PROSPERO, CRD42022333747.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between influenza vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection and its outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis

Jiang

Huang

Jia

et al. 2022

Chinese Medical Journal

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“…Since influenza almost disappeared during the 2020 season 17–23 and thus the prevention of co‐infection could not explain this possible protective effect of the influenza vaccination on COVID‐19, it was hypothesized that influenza vaccination directly played protective roles against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The ensuing studies on the association between influenza vaccination and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19 severity were the basis for this meta‐analysis 38–88 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination against influenza viruses reduces infection, not hospitalization or death, from respiratory COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Pontiroli,

Scovenna,

Carlini

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) causes COVID‐19 and has brought a huge burden in terms of human lives. Strict social distance and influenza vaccination have been recommended to avoid co‐infections between influenza viruses and SARS‐CoV‐2. Scattered reports suggested a protective effect of influenza vaccine on COVID‐19 development and severity. We analyzed 51 studies on the capacity of influenza vaccination to affect infection with SARS‐CoV‐2, hospitalization, admission to Intensive Care Units (ICU), and mortality. All subjects taken into consideration did not receive any anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine, although their status with respect to previous infections with SARS‐CoV‐2 is not known. Comparison between vaccinated and not‐vaccinated subjects for each of the four endpoints was expressed as odds ratio (OR), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs); all analyses were performed by DerSimonian and Laird model, and Hartung‐Knapp model when studies were less than 10. In a total of 61 029 936 subjects from 33 studies, influenza vaccination reduced frequency of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection [OR plus 95% CI = 0.70 (0.65−0.77)]. The effect was significant in all studies together, in health care workers and in the general population; distance from influenza vaccination and the type of vaccine were also of importance. In 98 174 subjects from 11 studies, frequency of ICU admission was reduced with influenza vaccination [OR (95% CI) = 0.71 (0.54−0.94)]; the effect was significant in all studies together, in pregnant women and in hospitalized subjects. In contrast, in 4 737 328 subjects from 14 studies hospitalization was not modified [OR (95% CI) = 1.05 (0.82−1.35)], and in 4 139 660 subjects from 19 studies, mortality was not modified [OR (95% CI) = 0.76 (0.26−2.20)]. Our study emphasizes the importance of influenza vaccination in the protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.

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“…Some clinical reports indicated that the trained immunity induced by influenza vaccines could lead to some degree of protection against COVID-19. Those who got an influenza vaccine that were 30% less likely to be infected by SARS-CoV-2, and 89% less likely to evolve serious COVID-19 relative to those who did not receive the influenza vaccine ( 50 ). Here, we developed a promising vaccine candidate with two-hit protection against both SARS-CoV-2 and flu infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A SARS-CoV-2 and influenza double hit vaccine based on RBD-conjugated inactivated influenza A virus

Wang

Shi

et al. 2023

Sci. Adv.

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The circulating flu viruses merging with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic raises a more severe threat that promotes the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 associated with higher mortality rates. Here, we conjugated recombinant receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein onto inactivated influenza A virus (Flu) to develop a SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine with two-hit protection. This double-hit vaccine (Flu-RBD) not only induced protective immunities against SARS-CoV-2 but also remained functional as a flu vaccine. The Flu core improved the retention and distribution of Flu-RBD vaccine in the draining lymph nodes, with enhanced immunogenicity. In a hamster model of live SARS-CoV-2 infection, two doses of Flu-RBD efficiently protected animals against viral infection. Furthermore, Flu-RBD VLP elicited a strong neutralization activity against both SARS-CoV-2 Delta pseudovirus and wild-type influenza A H1N1 inactivated virus in mice. Overall, the Flu-RBD VLP vaccine is a promising candidate for combating COVID-19, influenza A, and coinfection.

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Effectiveness of influenza vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in Qatar

Cited by 23 publications

References 56 publications

Association between influenza vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection and its outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis

Association between influenza vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection and its outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis

Vaccination against influenza viruses reduces infection, not hospitalization or death, from respiratory COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

A SARS-CoV-2 and influenza double hit vaccine based on RBD-conjugated inactivated influenza A virus

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