Effectiveness of instructor behaviours and their relationship to leadership

Abstract

This study analysed qualitatively the nature of instructor behaviours and their relationship to leadership. The Critical Incident Technique was used to collect effective and ineffective incidents of instructor behaviour in military training from both instructors' and trainees' perspectives (total incidents ¼ 1150, effective ¼ 696, ineffective ¼ 494), across the three UK Armed Services. Nine dimensions of instructor behaviour were developed with high inter-and intra-coder reliability. No differences were found between instructor and trainee generated incidents or among the three Armed Services. About 82% of the incidents could be recoded with high intercoder reliability into categories of both transformational and transactional leadership. Strong relationships emerged between the following dimensions of both instructor behaviour and leadership respectively: Showing and Demonstrating, and Appropriate Role Model; Using Instructional Strategies and Intellectual Stimulation; Feedback, Practice and Adapting, and Individual Consideration; Forms of Punishment and Control, and Contingent and Non-contingent Punishment. These results inform not only the relationships between instructor behaviours and leadership but also the future training of military instructors, particularly the balance between a traditional authoritarian approach and an individualised supportive one.

Are the New Mass Media Subverting Cultural Transmission?

“…The mass media invariably castigate as “bad role models” elite athletes found to have acted in a socially disapproved of manner (usually involving drugs, sex, or cheating). Role models are also associated with leadership (e.g., Dirks & Ferrin, 2002; Patrick, Scrase, Ahmed, & Tombs, 2009). Few would argue that the young do not tend to imitate and otherwise learn from those whom they admire.…”

Instructional Leadership Perceptions and Practices of Elementary School Leaders

“…Interestingly, a more recent study by Patrick, Scrase, Ahmed, and Tombs (2009) conducted in a military context found five categories of effective instructor behaviors that mirror the findings of Blasé and Blasé (2000). The effective leadership behaviors among leaders of the United Kingdom's armed forces included "showing and demonstrating; encouraging behaviours, using instructional strategies, feedback, practice and adapting;…”

Getting Unemployed Job Seekers Back to Work: The Development of a Process Model of Employment Counseling Behavior

“…We identified incidents based on three criteria (cf. Butterfield et al, 2005; Patrick, Scrase, Ahmed, & Tombs, 2009). Incidents had to involve (a) specific behavior of employment counselors, (b) a specific episode, and (c) behavior with a positive or negative effect on helping people find a job.…”

“…In the second substep, three raters (the first and fourth authors and an experienced psychologist not familiar with the aim of the study) independently classified all 539 incidents into the category framework. This procedure represents an external validation of the framework, a step that is often omitted in CIT studies (Patrick et al, 2009). The three raters also allocated incidents that they believed did not fully describe specific behavior or were beyond the scope of the study to the undefined category.…”