Effectiveness of intravenous fluid resuscitation in hypotensive cats: 82 cases (2012–2019)

Chalifoux, Nolan V; Hess, Rebecka S.; Silverstein, Deborah C.

doi:10.1111/vec.13075

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 56 publications

(116 reference statements)

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“… 17 Interestingly, recent studies in hypovolemic and hypotensive cats have demonstrated only 30–40% to be fluid responders. 18 , 19 The low proportion of fluid responders in addition to the predisposition to FO establishes the need for a readily available tool to assess IVVS in cats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of reference intervals for ultrasonographically derived caudal vena cava parameters from 110 healthy, lightly sedated cats

Hultman,

Rosanowski,

Jalava

et al. 2023

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Objectives The present study aimed to establish reference intervals (RIs) for ultrasonographically derived caudal vena cava (CVC) parameters in healthy cats. Methods A prospective, observational, experimental single-centre study involving 110 cats was conducted. Two trained operators scanned all cats in a randomised order. Two sets of cine loops per cat were conducted by each operator from the subxiphoid view with cats in lateral recumbency. Two blinded raters measured the narrowest inspiratory (CVCinsp) and widest expiratory (CVCexp) diameter over two separate respiratory cycles for each operator (four measurements in total for each rater) at the point the CVC crosses the diaphragm. The CVC collapsibility index (CVCCI) was calculated. Reference intervals and limits were calculated for CVC parameters with outliers removed to include the central 95% of CVC values and the non-parametric 90% confidence intervals (90% CIs). The CVCCI interval included the central 95th (2.5th and 97.5th) centiles bounded by the 90% CI. Intra- and inter-rater and intra- and inter-operator reliabilities were calculated for each parameter using a two-way random-effects model. A Bland–Altman plot was used to visualise the CVCCI between the two raters. Results In total, 880 measurements were included for each diameter and 440 CVCCI values were calculated. The CVC diameters were normally distributed, whereas the CVCCI was not. The calculated RIs were 1.4–6.1 mm for CVCinsp and 2.2–6.7 mm for CVCexp. The median (range) CVCCI was 23% (11–36%) with 2.5th and 97.5th centiles of 2% and 67%, respectively. There was a moderate to good intra-rater and intra-operator reliability for CVC diameter. The intra-rater reliability for the CVCCI was moderate. The inter-rater and inter-operator reliabilities for the CVCCI were poor. Conclusions and relevance The CVC RIs determined from the subxiphoid site in cats appear to be wider than those reported in dogs, and rater and operator variability is present. Whether precise measurements of CVC parameters are suitable to guide clinical decisions remains to be determined.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of reference intervals for ultrasonographically derived caudal vena cava parameters from 110 healthy, lightly sedated cats

Hultman,

Rosanowski,

Jalava

et al. 2023

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Feline caudal vena cava to aorta ratio reference interval

Whitelock,

Goodwin,

Pratt

et al. 2024

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Objectives The primary objective of this investigation was to ultrasonographically evaluate the caudal vena cava to aorta (CVC:Ao) ratio in healthy, conscious cats and to generate reference intervals. A secondary objective was to identify the site of examination with the least intra- and inter-observer variability. This investigation was undertaken to assess whether the CVC:Ao ratio holds promise as a technique to assess intravascular volume responsiveness in cats. Methods In total, 42 healthy cats were included for reference interval generation. Ultrasound examinations were performed by two operators with each examination performed twice by each operator on the same occasion. Examinations were performed on conscious cats in left lateral recumbency. Ultrasound sites investigated were the subxiphoid, hepatic intercostal, hepatorenal and iliac bifurcation. Operators also assessed each site for ‘ease of visualisation’ on a scale of 0–3. Results Reference intervals were generated for the CVC:Ao ratio at all four ultrasonographic sites. While each site demonstrated low variability around its mean ratio, all sites exhibited significant intra- and inter-observer variability. The hepatorenal and iliac bifurcation sites were found to be the easiest to visualise (score 3; well-defined visualisation of both vessels) and had reference intervals of 0.8–1.41 and 0.75–1.2, respectively. Conclusions and relevance The ultrasonographic assessment of the CVC:Ao ratio was possible at four anatomical locations in the cat. The hepatorenal and iliac bifurcation may offer more readily assessable CVC:Ao ratios. Further studies are necessary to assess the utility of the CVC:Ao ratio in disease states, including in hypovolaemia and hypervolaemia.

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Effectiveness of intravenous fluid resuscitation in hypotensive cats: 82 cases (2012–2019)

Cited by 2 publications

References 56 publications

Establishment of reference intervals for ultrasonographically derived caudal vena cava parameters from 110 healthy, lightly sedated cats

Establishment of reference intervals for ultrasonographically derived caudal vena cava parameters from 110 healthy, lightly sedated cats

Feline caudal vena cava to aorta ratio reference interval

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