Effectiveness of Lime Kiln Flue Dust in Preventing Acid Mine Drainage at the Kauffman Surface Coal Mine, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania

Rose, Arthur W.; Phelps, L.B.; Parizek, Richard R.; Evans, Dave

doi:10.21000/jasmr95010159

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This outcome is similar to that found by Rose, et al (1995) in experiments with pyritic rock at a coal mine. In that case, the lime was partially mixed into the pyritic shale, and the acidity of the effluent was considerably reduced, but was still pH <3.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Alkaline Addition Problems at the Skytop/Interstate-99 Site, Central Pennsylvania

Rose

Barnes²

2008

JASMR

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Abstract. In 2002-3, approximately 8x10 5 m 3 of pyrite-bearing Bald Eagle sandstone and Reedsville shale were removed from a large road cut through Bald Eagle Ridge near State College, PA. The rock contained an average of about 4.5% pyrite as veins and fine veinlet networks across 200 m of road cut. Smaller amounts of ZnS and other heavy metal sulfides accompany the pyrite. The rock was placed in 9 nearby locations, including large waste piles and several valley fills, two 'buttresses" and a lane elevation along about 0.8 km of hillside that was threatening to slide into the road. During excavation of the cut, pyrite was recognized as a potential problem and considerable lime was added as layers to the various piles. Despite the lime addition, highly acidic seeps emerged from the piles and fills, with pH 2.0 to 2.7, Fe 90-1500 mg/L, and acidities as high as 18,000 mg/L (as CaCO 3 ). These results clearly show that addition of lime and other alkaline materials as layers is not effective. In experiments to test remediation methods, Bauxsol slurry was sprayed onto part of the buttress area but failed to prevent continuing acid seepages. Inspection trenches showed little penetration of the Bauxsol, and demonstrated the presence of the added lime as impermeable lime layers within the buttress. Bucket tests of mixtures of alkaline circulating fluidized-bed ash with pyritic rocks, when well mixed, gave alkaline effluents. These and similar field and lab experiments indicate that thorough mixing of alkaline materials with pyritic rock is crucial for maintaining non-acid effluent. Experiments with a slurry of Mg(OH) 2 show promise. However, ultimately the movable acid rock is being moved to a lined landfill and mixed with a large excess of waste lime material.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Alkaline Addition Problems at the Skytop/Interstate-99 Site, Central Pennsylvania

Rose

Barnes²

2008

JASMR

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“…1994;Rose et al, 1995;Hawkins et al, 1996, this volume). Mine-site topography, locations of drill holes and water-sample points for this mine are shown on Figure I.…”

Section: Mine A: Boggs Township Clearfield Countymentioning

confidence: 99%

Shallow Groundwater Flow in Unmined Regions of the Northern Appalachian Plateau: Part 2. Geochemical Characteristics

Brady¹,

Rose²,

Hawkins³

et al. 1996

ASMR

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ABSTRACT. Surface mines in Pennsylvania occur in the shallow (< 60 m depth) groundwater flow system and typically are located in groundwater recharge areas. Two shallow flow systems are usually present in unmined areas: an upper weathered-rock zone and a deeper unweathered-rock zone. The weathered-rock zone, although variable, is commonly 6 to 12 m thick. Groundwater in the weathered-rock flow system, as e,~denced by shallow wells and cropline springs, has low dissolved solids (specific conductance < 50 µSiem). The deeper unweathered-rock flow system, as ewdenced by water from wells deeper than IO m, has higher concentrations of dissolved constituents. The differences in water quality are due to previous intensive leaching of minerals within the weathered-rock zone and to much higher flow rates in the more porous and fractured weathered zone. In particular, calcareous minerals are absent or negligible in the weathered-rock zone, but can be appreciable in the unweathered-rock zone. This distribution of calcareous minerals, groundwater contact time with rock, and flow path influence the groundwater composition and concentrations of dissolved ions. A positive relationship exists between the presence and abundance of calcareous minerals and associated groundwater alkalinity.Our observations are probably applicable to much of the Appalachian Plateau. Groundwater alkalinity can help determine the presence and distribution of calcareous minerals within coal overburden. Coal-cropline springs should not be depended upon for showing groundwater quality associated with the coal seam; they typically only reflect shallow flow through weathered rock. Deeper wells are required to determine the chemical characteristics of water in the unweathered rock zone.

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“…Certain alkaline amendments can control AMD from spoil and refuse (Brady et al, 1990;Perry and Brady, 1995;Rich and Hutchison, 1990;Rose et al, 1995). All alkaline amendment schemes rely on ABA or kinetic tests to identify the required alkalinity for neutralization of pyritic materials.…”

Section: Alkaline Amendment To Active Minesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief Overview of Control and Treatment Technologies for Acid Mine Drainge

Skousen

2002

JASMR

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Abstract. Acid mine drainage (AMD) occurs when metal sulfides are exposed to oxidizing conditions. Leaching of reaction products into surface waters pollute over 20,000 km of streams in the USA alone. Mining companies must predict the potential of creating AMD by using overburden analyses. Where a potential exists, special handling of overburden materials and quick coverage of acid-producing materials in the backfill should be practiced. The addition of acid-neutralizing materials can reduce or eliminate AMD problems. Placing acid-producing materials under dry barriers can isolate these materials from air and water. Other AMD control technologies being researched include injection of alkaline materials (ashes and limestone) into abandoned underground mines and into buried acid material in mine backfills, remining of abandoned areas, and installation of alkaline recharge trenches. Chemicals used for treating AMD are Ca(OH) 2 , CaO, NaOH, Na 2 CO 3 , and NH 3 , with each having advantages under certain conditions. Under low-flow situations, all of the chemicals except Ca(OH) 2 are cost effective, while at high flow Ca(OH) 2 and CaO are clearly the most cost effective. Floc, the metal hydroxide material collected after treatment, is disposed of in abandoned deep mines, refuse piles, or left in collection ponds. Wetlands remove metals from AMD through formation of oxyhydroxides and sulfides, exchange and organic complexation reactions, and direct plant uptake. Aerobic wetlands are used when water contains enough alkalinity to promote metal precipitation and anaerobic wetlands are used when alkalinity must be generated by microbial sulfate reduction and limestone dissolution. Anoxic limestone drains are buried trenches of limestone that intercept AMD underground to generate alkalinity. Under anoxia, limestone should not be coated with Fe +3 hydroxides in the drain, decreasing the likelihood of clogging. Successive alkalinity-producing systems pre-treat oxygenated AMD with organic matter to remove oxygen and Fe +3 , and then the water is introduced into limestone underneath the organic matter. Open limestone channels use limestone in aerobic environments to treat AMD. Coating of limestone occurs and the reduced limestone dissolution is designed into the treatment system. Alkaline leach beds, containing either limestone or slag, are used to add alkalinity to acid water. At present, most passive systems offer short-term treatment, and are more practical for installation on abandoned sites or watershed restoration projects where effluent limits do not apply and where some removal of acid and metals will benefit a stream.Additional

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Effectiveness of Lime Kiln Flue Dust in Preventing Acid Mine Drainage at the Kauffman Surface Coal Mine, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania

Cited by 17 publications

References 2 publications

Alkaline Addition Problems at the Skytop/Interstate-99 Site, Central Pennsylvania

Alkaline Addition Problems at the Skytop/Interstate-99 Site, Central Pennsylvania

Shallow Groundwater Flow in Unmined Regions of the Northern Appalachian Plateau: Part 2. Geochemical Characteristics

A Brief Overview of Control and Treatment Technologies for Acid Mine Drainge

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