Effectiveness of mechanical tongue cleaning on oral levels of volatile sulfur compounds

Seemann, Rainer; Kison, Andi; Bizhang, Mozhgan; Zimmer, Stefan

doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2001.0369

Cited by 62 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Seemann at al. (17) noted that the tongue cleaner showed a higher percentage of reduction of VSCs than the tooth brush. That fact justifies the use of tongue cleaner in the methodology of this study, besides the tongue cleaner is easy to use and causes fewer stimuli to nausea reflex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evaluation of halitosis and sialometry in patients submitted to head and neck radiotherapy

Albuquerque¹,

Tolentino²,

Amado³

et al. 2010

Med Oral

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the parameters of halitosis and sialometry in patients who had undergone head and neck radiotherapy, correlating oral concentration of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) with the presence of tongue coating, salivary flow rate and BANA test. Material and Methods: 35 patients allocated in two groups were examined: group I (control) -patients with systemic and oral health; group II -patients submitted to head and neck radiotherapy. All volunteers were submitted to halitosis measurements through a sulphide monitor, evaluation of tongue coating weight, non-stimulated sialometry and BANA test. Results: The results were analyzed through analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation and Student's t-test, showing that there was statistically significant difference in halimetry between the groups, where the irradiated patients showed halitosis. There was a relation between the presence of tongue coating and the levels of VSCs in both groups and it was also noted that the irradiated patients showed a decreased salivary flow rate compared to healthy patients. Conclusion: On the conditions of the present research, it was concluded that halitosis can be considered an adverse effect of radiotherapy, connected to hiposalivation and poor oral health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evaluation of halitosis and sialometry in patients submitted to head and neck radiotherapy

Albuquerque¹,

Tolentino²,

Amado³

et al. 2010

Med Oral

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show abstract

“…33 Other studies found a relationship between tongue cleaning and the reduction of both organoleptic scores and levels of volatile sulphur-containing compounds. 40,41 In patients with high levels of oral malodor, a regular toothbrush was statistically significantly less effective in tongue cleaning than a device that brushed and scraped, or a scraper. Because of the limited duration of the effect, efficacy remained questionable.…”

Section: Mechanical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the limited duration of the effect, efficacy remained questionable. 41 Scraping the tongue after cysteine challenge testing reduced halitosis only modestly, but brushing the tongue dorsum was remarkably effective. 42 Two weeks of tongue brushing or scraping by a group of patients free of periodontitis resulted in negligible reductions in bacteria on the tongue, whereas the amount of tongue coating decreased significantly.…”

Section: Mechanical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halitosis: a review of associated factors and therapeutic approach

Barbosa²,

2008

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Halitosis or bad breath is an oral health condition characterized by unpleasant odors emanating consistently from the oral cavity. The origin of halitosis may be related both to systemic and oral conditions, but a large percentage of cases, about 85%, are generally related to an oral cause. Causes include certain foods, poor oral health care, improper cleaning of dentures, dry mouth, tobacco products and medical conditions. Oral causes are related to deep carious lesions, periodontal disease, oral infections, peri-implant disease, pericoronitis, mucosal ulcerations, impacted food or debris and, mainly, tongue coating. Thus, the aim of the present review was to describe the etiological factors, prevalence data and the therapeutic mechanical and chemical approaches related to halitosis. In general, halitosis most often results from the microbial degradation of oral organic substrates including volatile sulfur compounds (VSC). So far, there are few studies evaluating the prevalence of oral malodor in the world population. These studies reported rates ranging from 22% to more than 50%. The mechanical and chemical treatment of halitosis has been addressed by several studies in the past four decades. Many authors agree that the solution of halitosis problems must include the reduction of the intraoral bacterial load and/or the conversion of VSC to nonvolatile substrates. This could be achieved by therapy procedures that reduce the amount of microorganisms and substrates, especially on the tongue.

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“…Tongue coating has previously been reported by others to be correlated with intra-oral halitosis and that the tongue may be the primary location for bacteria producing VSCs (Miyazaki et al 1995, Roldan et al 2005, Tsai et al 2008, Bornstein et al 2009a,b, Calil et al 2009, Van Tornout et al 2013, Lu et al 2014. Mechanical cleaning of the tongue may have a short time (less than 30 min) effect on intra-oral halitosis (Seemann et al 2001). In Paper I, improved OLS scores were maintained over two weeks following tongue scraping.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

The effect of periodontal therapy on intra‐oral halitosis: a case series

Ademovski

Mårtensson

Persson

et al. 2016

J Clinic Periodontology

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Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of non‐surgical periodontal therapy on intra‐oral halitosis 3 months after therapy. Material and methods Sixty‐eight adults with intra‐oral halitosis were included in a case series. Intra‐oral halitosis was evaluated at baseline, and at 3 months after treatment using the organoleptic scores (OLS), Halimeter®, and a gas chromatograph. Results Significant reductions for OLS (p < 0.01), total sum of volatile sulphur compounds (T‐VSC) (p < 0.01) and methyl mercaptan (MM) (p < 0.05) values were found after treatment. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) levels were not significantly reduced. The numbers of probing pockets 4 mm, 5 mm and 6 mm were significantly reduced as a result of therapy (p < 0.001). Bleeding on probing (BOP) and plaque indices were also significantly reduced (p < 0.001). For the 34 individuals with successful periodontal treatment (BOP<20% and a ≥50% reduction of total pocket depth) reductions in OLS (p < 0.01) and T‐VSC scores (p < 0.01) were found. Eleven individuals were considered effectively treated for intra‐oral halitosis presenting with a T‐VSC value <160 ppb, a H2S value <112 ppb and a MM value <26 ppb. Conclusion Non‐surgical periodontal therapy resulted in reduction of OLS, MM and T‐VSC values 3 months after therapy. Few individuals were considered as effectively treated for intra‐oral halitosis.

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Effectiveness of mechanical tongue cleaning on oral levels of volatile sulfur compounds

Cited by 62 publications

References 9 publications

Evaluation of halitosis and sialometry in patients submitted to head and neck radiotherapy

Evaluation of halitosis and sialometry in patients submitted to head and neck radiotherapy

Halitosis: a review of associated factors and therapeutic approach

The effect of periodontal therapy on intra‐oral halitosis: a case series

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