I n this chapter, we discuss avoidance as a factor in the development and maintenance of depression. We provide some common definitions related to the concept of avoidance from previous research and literature. Next, we discuss the development of research examining the role of avoidance as a risk factor for depression and summarize previous models and theories that conceptualize avoidance as a precipitant or maintaining factor of depression. We also review several evidence-based psychotherapeutic interventions (EBPIs) that both implicitly and explicitly target avoidance as a strategy to manage depression toward the end of the chapter. We end with a case example and propose future research directions for this topic.
DEFINITIONAL ISSUESCurrent and emerging psychological research is increasingly examining the concept of avoidance as a multidimensional construct. When viewed only from a unidimensional approach, avoidance is defined as an attempt to escape from an activity, social engagement or people, or from a general stimulus (Ottenbreit & Dobson, 2004). Some people avoid overt external stimuli, such as certain places, situations, activities, or people. However, avoidance could also be an attempt to escape from internal stimuli, such as avoiding feelings of shame or fear, memories or thoughts, or physiological reactions.