Effectiveness of onsite wastewater reuse system in reducing bacterial contaminants measured with human-specific IMS/ATP and qPCR

Determination of microbial load for different beverages and foodstuff by assessment of intracellular ATP

“…The method has been used to detect food pathogens in various matrices, including water, ground beef, apple juice and milk (Hunter & Lim, 2010;Lee & Deininger 2004), increasing specificity and sensitivity of ATP measurement. The method is cost-effective, fieldfriendly and can generate results in about 1 h (Agidi, Vedachalam, Mancl, & Lee, 2013).…”

“…The speed with which results are generated enables remedial action to be taken in the case of poorly cleaned equipment or product contamination (Hawronskyj & Holah, 1997). Other laboratory methods such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), antibody fluorescence enzymatic methods, and flow cytometry (Agidi et al, 2013;Zhao, Lin, Wang & Oh, 2014) are rapid in producing data about bacteria levels, but are expensive and/or require well trained staff. The relative sensitivity of ATP method compared to others can be seen from Table 2.…”

Disinfection Processes

“…Analytical Techniques. developed an extra long range quantitative PCR method to estimate damage to Adenovirus 2 caused by UV radiation; results for 6 kb and 1 kb DNA fragments were similar to cell culture infectivity results for medium and low pressure UV, respectively, and could be obtained within a day, (Agidi et al, 2013). Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the susceptibility of individual E. coli cells to chlorine disinfection; to achieve 2-log inactivation, cells from populations with specific growth rates of 0.2 and 0.9 hr -1 required CT values of 0.09 and 0.06 mg-min/L, respectively (Rezaeinejad and Ivanov, 2013).…”

Ensuring safe reuse of residential wastewater: reduction of microbes and genes using peat biofilter and batch chlorination in an on-site treatment system

“…; Agidi et al . ). The reliability of the treatment is always a public concern in reuse schemes, because it is of utmost importance to minimize health risks that are associated with pathogens in reclaimed water (Leverenz et al .…”

“…five log 10 reductions of Escherichia coli and Bacteroides spp ., and 2·8 and 2·4 log 10 reductions in gyrB (a human‐specific genetic marker targeting the gyrB gene of Bacteroides fragilis (Lee and Lee )) and tetQ (tetracycline resistance), respectively, after 2‐h contact time with chlorine dioxide (Agidi et al . ).…”