Effectiveness of Oral Health Promotion Program for Persons with Severe Mental Illness: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Study

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a composite oral health promotion program designed to reduce dental plaque among persons with severe mental illness in a psychiatric institution. Methods: A cluster randomized controlled study was carried out in chronic psychiatric wards of a general hospital in central Taiwan. Sixty-eight eligible male individuals admitted to 2 wards were randomly assigned to an experimental and a control group. Participants in the experimental group underwent an oral health promotion program that consisted of biweekly group education sessions, and a 12-week individual behavioral modification for oral hygiene course. The participants in the control group received usual care only. Dental plaque (measured by the Plaque Control Index) was examined by a single dentist before and after the experiment. Each participant responded to a questionnaire regarding oral health knowledge, attitude and behavior before and after the experiment. Results: Fifty-eight individuals completed the study. Before the experiment, the plaque index was similar between the intervention group (68.9; N=27) and the control group (69.8; N=31). After the experiment, the plaque index was significantly better in the intervention group than in the control group (42.6 vs. 61.8; P<0.001). Participants in the intervention group also demonstrated better oral health knowledge, attitude and behavior than those in the control group after the experiment. Conclusions: A composite oral health promotion program using both group education and individual behavioral methods over a 12-week period was effective in both reducing dental plaque and improving the oral health knowledge of persons with severe mental illness in the institution.

Risk factors and oral health‐related quality of life: A case–control comparison between patients after a first‐episode psychosis and people from general population

“…The findings in this study indicate the importance of using educational and behavioural interventions to improve oral health knowledge and motivation in patients diagnosed with a psychotic disorder (first‐episode). Literature showed effective interventions regarding oral health in patients diagnosed with a psychotic disorder (Almomani et al, 2006, 2009; Kuo et al, 2020; de Mey et al, 2016), however the stage a psychotic disorder was in (McGorry et al, 2007) and the effect thereof on OHRQoL were not identified. There is a need for studies exploring what kind of treatment can improve OHRQoL in young adults in general, and patients diagnosed with a psychotic disorder (first‐episode) especially.…”

“…At this moment, no oral health interventions are available. However, oral health education, the use of a mechanical toothbrush, reminder systems and brief motivational interviewing sessions in patients diagnosed with SMI or psychotic disorders showed to be effective (Almomani et al, 2006, 2009; Kuo et al, 2020; de Mey et al, 2016). In all samples, oral health knowledge and oral health status (Quigley Hein plaque index) improved significantly.…”