Effectiveness of Oral Splints in Temporomandibular Disorders

Abstract

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is one of the most complex structures of the human body because it allows opening and closing movements and in turn slides forward, backward, and laterally during the physiological functions of the cranio-cervico-maxillo-facial region. However, the parafunctions and/or exaggerated functions could generate wear on the structures that conform to it and on which its balance is based, generating temporomandibular disorders (TMD). These are observed through a peculiar semiology in which predominate the limitations of the mandibular movements accompanied by pain. The prevalence of TMD is remarkably high, affecting between 15 and 40% of the world population. Some studies suggest that the incidence could be higher due to unreported cases. Treatment for TMD is multidisciplinary and focuses on jaw stabilization with redistribution of forces and prevention of bruxism, for which the most popular method described is oral splints, with divided criteria about their efficacy; therefore, the question arises to what extent oral splints improve quality of life and reduce symptoms in patients with TMD.