Effectiveness of ozone therapy in addition to conventional treatment on mortality in patients with COVID‐19

Abstract

Aim In this study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of ozone therapy, which is one of the integrative medicine applications that has been used safely for many years, on the prevalence of mortality in patients receiving COVID‐19 treatment. Methods This was a prospective, controlled study conducted on patients with COVID‐19 who were hospitalised. In this study, 55 patients were included. The patients were divided into two groups as the ozone and control group. Ozone therapy (major autohemotherapy) was applied to 37 patients who were being treated with the appropriate COVID‐19 treatment protocol determined by the infectious diseases committee of our hospital. The ozone treatment protocol consisted of seven sessions (one session per day) of intravenous ozone administration, applied in a volume of 100 mL and a concentration of 30 μg/mL. Only the conventional COVID‐19 treatment protocol was applied to 18 patients in the control group. Clinical follow‐up was performed until the discharge of the patients from the hospital with successful treatment or until the mortality occurred. Factors affecting mortality were analysed using univariate regression analysis. Results Intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalisation was required in 6 of the 37 patients who were treated with ozone (16.2%), while 4 of 18 patients in the control group required ICU treatment (22.2%) ( P = .713). When the mortality rates between the two groups were compared, mortality was lower in the ozone group ( P = .032). As a result of univariate logistic regression analysis performed to investigate the factors affecting mortality, treatment with ozone therapy was determined as a risk factor for mortality. Patients receiving ozone therapy appear to have a lower mortality risk (odds ratio [OR]: 0.149, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.026‐0.863, P = .034). Conclusion In this study, the findings suggested that the administration of ozone therapy along with the conventional medical treatment in patients hospitalised for COVID‐19 could reduce mortality.

Ozone as an adjuvant therapy for COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Robins-I assessment determined that a clinical trial had a moderate risk of bias [22] (Table S3) . The quality assessment of case-control studies utilizing the NOS critical appraisal checklist resulted in three high-quality [18] , [19] , [20] and one medium-quality study [21] (Table S4) . Moreover, the quality of the case series was assessed using JBI and summarized in Supplementary Material s [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] (Table S5-S6) .…”

“…Thirteen studies were finally included, with a total of 241 COVID-19 patients belonging to the ozone as an adjuvant therapy group and 157 patients belonging to the standard therapy only as of the control group, respectively. In this review, the majority were observational studies (4 case-control studies, and 4 case-series) conducted in Spain [19] , [20] , [29] , Italy [18] , [28] , Turkey [21] , Egypt [27] , and China [30] . In addition, there is one clinical trial from India [22] , and four RCTs conducted in Italy [23] , [24] , India [25] and Turkey [26] .…”

“…In addition, there is one clinical trial from India [22] , and four RCTs conducted in Italy [23] , [24] , India [25] and Turkey [26] . Based on the administration route, eight studies were conducted using major autohemotherapy [18] , [19] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [25] , [28] , [29] , two studies using rectal insufflation [19] , [27] , and one study using intravenous ozonated saline [22] , one study using ozone nebulization [26] and one study using the combination of minor autohemotherapy and rectal insufflation [25] . Standard therapy consists of corticosteroids, antivirals (lopinavir, ritonavir, remdesivir), antibiotics (such as azithromycin), and vitamin supplements (vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin D, and zinc) [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] .…”

“…Based on the administration route, eight studies were conducted using major autohemotherapy [18] , [19] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [25] , [28] , [29] , two studies using rectal insufflation [19] , [27] , and one study using intravenous ozonated saline [22] , one study using ozone nebulization [26] and one study using the combination of minor autohemotherapy and rectal insufflation [25] . Standard therapy consists of corticosteroids, antivirals (lopinavir, ritonavir, remdesivir), antibiotics (such as azithromycin), and vitamin supplements (vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin D, and zinc) [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] . Clinical outcomes assessed including the Italian Society of Emergency Medicine (SIMEU) phenotype class, Taylor’s radiology scale, arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), and time to PCR COVID-19 negative.…”

Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae as a Respiratory Medicine: Is There a Potential Drug in the Treatment of COVID-19?

“…Second, the systemic symptoms of COVID-19 patients showed that the levels of C-reactive protein, D-dimer, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), leukocyte, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were elevated but the levels of lymphocytes and platelets were decreased ( Chan et al, 2020 ; Guan et al, 2020 ; Henry et al, 2020 ; Qin et al, 2020 ; Çolak et al, 2021 ). In severe COVID-19 patients there was dramatically lower number of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in the peripheral blood accompanied by the reduced lymphocytes in the spleen and lymph nodes as well as the lymphocyte degeneration, necrosis ( Li et al, 2020b ).…”