Effectiveness of Probiotics in the Prophylaxis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Bernardo, Wanderley Marques; Aires, Felipe Toyama; Carneiro, Renata Mota; Sá, Fernando Pereira de; Rullo, Vera Esteves Vagnozzi; Burns, Dennis Alexander

doi:10.1016/j.jped.2013.02.004

Cited by 63 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Some of the documented health claims of probiotics proposed by their authors include: stimulation of various components of the immune system, gut immune response and intestinal homeostasis [85]; prevention and treatment of diarrhoea [33,39,42,86]; improvement of faecal properties and microbiota, treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and constipation [43,59,60,61,85,86]; prevention and treatment of Clostridium difficile -associated diarrhoea in adults and children [62,87]; alleviation of symptoms of lactose intolerance and other food allergies [86]; prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants [88,89,90]; decrease in plasma cholesterol level [35,85,91]; improvement of Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens [92]; therapeutic effects by supporting the immune response of HIV-infected children and adults [93,94], anti-proliferative activity on tumour cells [95,96]; reduction of viral-associated pulmonary damage through controlling immune-coagulative responses and clearing respiratory viruses [37]; immune-stimulatory properties of low molecular mass molecules produced by probiotic bacteria [97]. Although probiotics have even been proposed as treatment for eczema [98], randomized controlled trials to date do not have sufficient evidence to recommend probiotics as primary prevention [99,100].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microorganisms with Claimed Probiotic Properties: An Overview of Recent Literature

Fijan

2014

IJERPH

812

455

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Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms, which when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Health benefits have mainly been demonstrated for specific probiotic strains of the following genera: Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Saccharomyces, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Pediococcus, Leuconostoc, Bacillus, Escherichia coli. The human microbiota is getting a lot of attention today and research has already demonstrated that alteration of this microbiota may have far-reaching consequences. One of the possible routes for correcting dysbiosis is by consuming probiotics. The credibility of specific health claims of probiotics and their safety must be established through science-based clinical studies. This overview summarizes the most commonly used probiotic microorganisms and their demonstrated health claims. As probiotic properties have been shown to be strain specific, accurate identification of particular strains is also very important. On the other hand, it is also demonstrated that the use of various probiotics for immunocompromised patients or patients with a leaky gut has also yielded infections, sepsis, fungemia, bacteraemia. Although the vast majority of probiotics that are used today are generally regarded as safe and beneficial for healthy individuals, caution in selecting and monitoring of probiotics for patients is needed and complete consideration of risk-benefit ratio before prescribing is recommended.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microorganisms with Claimed Probiotic Properties: An Overview of Recent Literature

Fijan

2014

IJERPH

812

455

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“…In order to perform a systematic analysis of the available evidence on the efficacy of TNF- α in NS [13], the common approach of literature search was performed in PUBMED, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for relevant citations from March 1994 to August 2013. The search terms used were “TNF- α ,” “neonatal,” “neonate,” “sepsis,” “infant,” “newborn,” and “tumor necrosis factors- α ”.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor Necrosis Factor-αas a Diagnostic Marker for Neonatal Sepsis: A Meta-Analysis

Huang

Yuan

et al. 2014

The Scientific World Journal

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Neonatal sepsis (NS) is an important cause of mortality in newborns and life-threatening disorder in infants. The meta-analysis was performed to investigate the diagnosis value of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) test in NS. Our collectible studies were searched from PUBMED, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library between March 1994 and August 2013. Accordingly, 347 studies were collected totally, in which 15 articles and 23 trials were selected to study the NS in our meta-analysis. The TNF-α test showed moderate accuracy of the diagnosis of NS both in early-onset neonatal sepsis (sensitivity = 0.66, specificity = 0.76, Q∗ = 0.74) and in late-onset neonatal sepsis (sensitivity = 0.68, specificity = 0.89, Q∗ = 0.87). We also found the northern hemisphere group in the test has higher sensitivity (0.84) and specificity (0.83). A diagnostic OR analysis found that the study population may be the major reason for the heterogeneity. Accordingly, we suggest that TNF-α is also a valuable marker in the diagnosis of NS.

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“…Probiotics have been shown to favorably influence the development and stability of the microbiota, strengthen the mucosal barrier by trophic effects on the intestinal epithelium, and stimulate both specific and nonspecific components of the immune system [67 ▪ ,68–70]. Although the need continues for well controlled clinical studies, the strength of evidence for probiotics has been demonstrated in a number of areas including necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants [71], preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea [72], and countering infection and allergy related to respiratory health [73,74].…”

Section: Emerging Therapies With Multimodal Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut barrier dysfunction and microbial translocation in cancer cachexia

Klein¹,

Petschow²,

Shaw³

et al. 2013

Current Opinion in Supportive &Amp; Palliative Care

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Purpose of ReviewCachexia is a complex metabolic syndrome characterized by skeletal muscle and adipose tissue loss and is frequently associated with emaciation, anorexia, systemic inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction. Lack of a clear understanding of the cause of cancer cachexia has impeded progress in identifying effective therapeutic agents. This review summarizes recent publications on the role of gut barrier function, intestinal microbiota, and inflammation in the etiology of cancer cachexia and new therapeutic interventions that may benefit treatment strategies.Recent FindingsSignificant advances have been made in understanding the composition and metabolic capabilities of the intestinal microbiota and its impact on gut barrier function with implications for certain inflammatory-based diseases. Recent studies reported associations between intestinal permeability and endotoxemia with development of cancer cachexia and other metabolic disorders. Improvements in intestinal function and weight gain along with decreased inflammation have been reported for potential therapeutic agents such as eicosapentaenoic acid, immunoglobulin isolates, and probiotics.SummaryContinued progress in the scientific understanding of the complex interplay between the intestinal microbiota, gut barrier function, and host inflammatory responses will uncover new therapeutic targets to help avoid the serious metabolic alterations associated with cachexia.

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Effectiveness of Probiotics in the Prophylaxis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract: In premature newborns, the use of probiotics is effective as a prophylaxis for NEC and its complications.

Cited by 63 publications

References 32 publications

Microorganisms with Claimed Probiotic Properties: An Overview of Recent Literature

Microorganisms with Claimed Probiotic Properties: An Overview of Recent Literature

Tumor Necrosis Factor-αas a Diagnostic Marker for Neonatal Sepsis: A Meta-Analysis

Gut barrier dysfunction and microbial translocation in cancer cachexia

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