Effectiveness of prokinetic agents against diseases external to the gastrointestinal tract

Abstract

Prokinetic agents are effective not only for disease of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract but also for those external to the GI tract such as the central nervous system, and the respiratory, urologic, and metabolic organs. This article reviews the effectiveness of prokinetic agents against diseases external to the GI tract. Studies were identified by computerized and manual searches of the available literature. A Medline search was performed (1975( -July, 2008) using the following medical subject headings: prokinetic agent, metoclopramide, domperidone, trimebutine, cisapride, itopride, mosapride, tegaserod, and human. The identified diseases for which prokinetic agents may be effective are various: bronchial asthma, chronic cough, hiccup, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, cholelithiasis, diabetes mellitus, acute migraine, Parkinson's disease, anorexia nervosa, Tourette's disorder, urologic sequelae of spinal cord injury and of radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer, laryngeal dysfunction and so on. These agents are also useful for prevention of aspiration pneumonia during anesthesia, and in tube-fed patients. Prokinetic agents should be a valuable addition to our currently limited pharmacological armamentarium not only for functional bowel disease, but also for diseases external to the GI tract.

Linking the pharmacological content of ecstasy tablets to the subjective experiences of drug users

“…Interestingly, the likelihood of adverse subjective effects of mCPP almost disappeared when metoclopramide was added to tablets containing mCPP. Metoclopramide is a mixed dopamine D 2 and serotonin 5-HT 3 antagonist and is clinically applied as an anti-emetic drug in the treatment of nausea caused by various conditions (Cunningham 1997;Hiyama et al 2009;Matok et al 2009). Metoclopramide has also been proven effective against drug-induced nausea, but these studies did not include psychoactive drugs like mCPP (Bytzer and Hallas 2000).…”

Hiccup: Mystery, Nature and Treatment

“…Amantadine, acting as a low-affinity antagonist at the N-methyl-D-aspartate subtype of glutamate receptors, has been used as anti-PD therapy because over-activity of glutamatergic transmission is one of mechanisms leading to PD; this agent was successfully used to treat postoperative hiccup in a cancer patient 8. Traditionally, prokinetics have been widely used to treat hiccups because stomach distension is considered as one of the mechanisms leading to hiccups 64. In fact, premedicated metoclopramide treatment did effectively prevent the anesthesia induced hiccup 65.…”

Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Select From the Point Prokinetic Comorbidity, Clinical Efficacy and Drug Safety

“…Эффективность прокинетиков в лечении ФД в соот-ветствии с российскими и международными рекоменда-циями значительно превышает эффект плацебо [6][7][8][9][10]. На российском фармацевтическом рынке прокинетики в настоящее время представлены тремя международными непатентованными наименованиями: метоклопрамид, домперидон, итоприда гидрохлорид.…”