Effectiveness of Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Children in Senegal During a Year of Vaccine Mismatch: A Cluster-randomized Trial

Diallo, Aldiouma; Diop, Ousmane M.; Diop, Doudou; Niang, Makhtar; Sugimoto, Jonathan D.; Ortiz, Justin R; Faye, El hadji Abdourahmane; Diarra, Bou; Goudiaby, Déborah; Lewis, Kristen; Emery, Shannon; Zangeneh, Sahar Z.; Lafond, Kathryn E.; Sokhna, Cheikh; Halloran, M. Elizabeth; Widdowson, Marc‐Alain; Neuzil, Kathleen M.; Victor, John C.

doi:10.1093/cid/ciz066

Cited by 18 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…As such, this passive surveillance covered the entire region of 30 villages. This study, ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00893906, is closed, and the primary results for the trial have been published [50].…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Networks of face-to-face social contacts in Niakhar, Senegal

et al. 2019

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We present the first analysis of face-to-face contact network data from Niakhar, Senegal. Participants in a cluster-randomized influenza vaccine trial were interviewed about their contact patterns when they reported symptoms during their weekly household surveillance visit. We employ a negative binomial model to estimate effects of covariates on contact degree. We estimate the mean contact degree for asymptomatic Niakhar residents to be 16.5 (95% C.I. 14.3, 18.7) in the morning and 14.8 in the afternoon (95% C.I. 12.7, 16.9). We estimate that symptomatic people make 10% fewer contacts than asymptomatic people (95% C.I. 5%, 16%; p = 0.006), and those aged 0-5 make 33% fewer contacts than adults (95% C.I. 29%, 37%; p < 0.001). By explicitly modelling the partial rounding pattern observed in our data, we make inference for both the underlying (true) distribution of contacts as well as for the reported distribution. We created an estimator for homophily by compound (household) membership and estimate that 48% of contacts by symptomatic people are made to their own compound members in the morning (95% CI, 45%, 52%) and 60% in the afternoon/evening (95% CI, 56%, 64%). We did not find a significant effect of symptom status on compound homophily. We compare our findings to those from other countries and make design recommendations for future surveys.

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Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Networks of face-to-face social contacts in Niakhar, Senegal

et al. 2019

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“…Diallo et al (140) found that TIV-mediated VE estimates were lower in children <3 years old compared to those in 3-10 years old in Senegal (21% vs. 60% against the predominant seasonal A/H3N2 strain). However, the authors did not demonstrate noteworthy indirect effects among the entire study villages, which may be attributed to the study design, low vaccine coverage, and the high participant contact rates between extended families (140). Moreover, the indirect effect was assessed by comparing those vaccinated with control villages, and the study was undertaken in a year of vaccine mismatch.…”

Section: Vaccine Efficacy/effectiveness and Other Benefits Of Iivs In Children Under 5 Yearsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Safety, Immunogenicity, Efficacy and Effectiveness of Inactivated Influenza Vaccines in Healthy Pregnant Women and Children Under 5 Years: An Evidence-Based Clinical Review

2021

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Annual influenza vaccination is often recommended for pregnant women and young children to reduce the risk of severe influenza. However, most studies investigating the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy or effectiveness of influenza vaccines are conducted in healthy adults. In this evidence-based clinical review, we provide an update on the safety profile, immunogenicity, and efficacy/effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs) in healthy pregnant women and children <5 years old. Six electronic databases were searched until May 27, 2021. We identified 3,731 articles, of which 93 met the eligibility criteria and were included. The IIVs were generally well tolerated in pregnant women and young children, with low frequencies of adverse events following IIV administration; however, continuous vaccine safety monitoring systems are necessary to detect rare adverse events. IIVs generated good antibody responses, and the seroprotection rates after IIVs were moderate to high in pregnant women (range = 65%–96%) and young children (range = 50%–100%), varying between the different influenza types/subtypes and seasons. Studies show vaccine efficacy/effectiveness values of 50%–70% in pregnant women and 20%–90% in young children against lab-confirmed influenza, although the efficacy/effectiveness depended on the study design, host factors, vaccine type, manufacturing practices, and the antigenic match/mismatch between the influenza vaccine strains and the circulating strains. Current evidence suggests that the benefits of IIVs far outweigh the potential risks and that IIVs should be recommended for pregnant women and young children.

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“…The greatest burden of influenza disease is experienced by low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) [1][2][3][4]. Most Sub-Saharan African countries do not have national influenza vaccine programs [5], and the use of influenza vaccines is minimal in the region [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%