Effectiveness of Strawberry Extract with 100% Concentration in Cleaning Teeth with Extrinsic Stain at the Academic Community of Poltekkes Kemenkes Jakarta I

Abstract

Discoloration of teeth can be caused by stains on the surface of the teeth or due to changes in tooth material. Tooth stain can be extrinsic, intrinsic, or age-related. Tooth whitening (bleaching) can be done in the office and at home. Strawberry is a fruit with many benefits, one of which is whitening teeth. The content of malic acid and ellagic acid in strawberries has the effect of tooth whitening. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of strawberry extract with a concentration of 100% in cleaning teeth with the extrinsic stain on an academic member of the Health Polytechnic Jakarta I. This study was an experiment on 31 people who had upper and lower anterior teeth with the extrinsic stain as samples. Data collection was done by applying strawberry extract with a concentration of 100% on the surface of the anterior teeth, allowed to stand for 5 minutes, then brushed and rinsed with water. This procedure was done 2 times a day for 5 consecutive days. Changes in extrinsic stain were measured using the Lobene Stain Index which measures the intensity and area of the stain, as well as a combined score of both. The average combined score with measurements using the Lobene Stain Index for extrinsic stain before being treated with strawberries was 22.4. The score has decreased every day starting from day 1 to day 5 of treatment. The largest decrease of the average Combined Score was occurred on the 2nd day, namely from a score of 20.0 on the 1st day to 14.6 on the 2nd day with a percentage reduction of 35.0%. Statistical tests showed significant results of 0,000 reducing the Intensity Score and Area Score on day 2 to day 5. It can be concluded that there was a significant decrease in extrinsic stain scores after treatment on day 2. 
 
 Keywords: extrinsic stain; strawberry extract

Potential of Strawberry (Fragaria x annanasea) Extract as Whitening Agent for Discolored Teeth

“…This research is in line with previous research conducted by Karmawati et al (2015), where the application of crushed strawberries carried out for 5 consecutive days can significantly reduce the staining score [18]. Karmawati (2020), said that the effect of a strawberry extract with a concentration of 100% on the disappearance of extrinsic stains did not even take up to 5 days of treatment for some respondents, because the respondent's staining score had reached 0 before the 5th day. It can be stated that strawberry fruit extract with a concentration of 100% can remove extrinsic stains on teeth effectively within 2 to 4 days.…”

“…The biggest decrease in the average Combined Score occurred on the 2nd day, from a score of 20.0 on the 1st day to 14.6 on the 2nd day with a percentage decrease of 35.0%. The statistical test showed a significant result of 0.000 reducing the intensity score and area score from the 2nd day to the 5th day [7]. Radhakrishnan (2021) stated that whitening tooth enamel with strawberry fruit extract with a concentration of 2% can efficiently and effectively whiten the surface without significant adverse effects on the enamel surface.…”

“…Strawberry extracts with concentrations of 100% and 75% were sufficient to give until the fifth day (getting an extension score <2), while 50% and 25% strawberry extracts took longer to reach an extension score of <2 [3]. Karmawati et al (2020), showed that the effect of a strawberry extract with 100% concentration on the disappearance of extrinsic stains did not even take up to 5 days of treatment for some respondents, because the respondents' staining score had reached 0 before the 5th day. It can be concluded that strawberry fruit extract with a concentration of 100% can clean extrinsic stains on teeth effectively within 2 to 4 days.…”

“…It can be concluded that strawberry fruit extract with a concentration of 100% can clean extrinsic stains on teeth effectively within 2 to 4 days. Based on this background, writing an article with a literature review study is interesting to study more deeply to know the potential of strawberry extract (Fragaria x annanasea) as a whitening agent for teeth that have changed color [7].…”

Strawberry Gel with a Concentration of 83% and 75% as an Extrinsic Stain Remover

“…However, research concluded that the use of Carbamid Peroxide 2 percent 60 seconds a day for 3 days alone can significantly cause inflammation of the oral mucosa. [3][4][5] Corresponding Author: Ita Astit Karmawati…”