Effectiveness of structure improvement thinning on stand structure in subalpine Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands

Bachofen, Hansheinrich; Zingg, Andreas

doi:10.1016/s0378-1127(00)00581-8

Cited by 45 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…This is mainly due to rather a coarse spatial forest arrangement, where each FDT covers an area of 0. In accordance with Bachofen and Zingg (2001) it has been shown that it is possible to increase the heterogeneity by strong interventions. Nevertheless, the forest manager should also consider the question of risk prevention: whereas with moderate interventions the desired effect on stand structure is not assured, intensive harvest may also increase the threat to the stand stability.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Structural analyses show that immediate changes in structural indices after the harvest operation are relatively small, while changes in DBH distribution are more evident and they are also a more appropriate tool for a forest manager. Moreover, according to Bachofen and Zingg (2001) changes in the coefficient of homogeneity and Lorenz curve due to the treatment are not clearly visible. The reason for this may be that the removal of trees implies changes in tree numbers and growing stock in the same direction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…For a completely homogeneous stand, the Lorenz curve forms a diagonal between the points (0, 0) and (100, 100). The less homogeneous the stand, the more the Lorenz curve deviates from this diagonal (Kramer 1988;Bachofen, Zingg 2001).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of operational approach during forest transformation in Klokočná Range, Central Bohemia

et al. 2015

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ABSTRACT:In this study immediate results concerning the effectiveness of the applied silvicultural measures in the course of forest transformation were analysed. Diameter distribution, homogeneity index, Gini index, Lorenz ordering and Shannon evenness index were used as indicators of structural changes on 15 study plots (0.25 ha in size) before and immediately after the harvest intervention (harvest intensity from 10% to 31%) aimed at increasing structural heterogeneity on selected study sites. Structural analyses showed that immediate changes in structural indices after the harvest operation are relatively small, while changes in DBH distribution are more evident and they are also a more appropriate tool for a forest manager. The homogeneity index is more suitable for a comparison of present structural characteristics among the study plots. Generally, a longer time is necessary for the evaluation of the effectiveness of particular silvicultural treatments, when structural changes induced by natural regeneration and ingrowth become apparent.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Analysis of operational approach during forest transformation in Klokočná Range, Central Bohemia

et al. 2015

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“…Structure indices can be integrated in forest dynamics models to improve their predictive power (Lei et al, 2009). They can also be helpful in assessing the protective function of forest ecosystems (Bachofen and Zingg, 2001). Objective indicators of tree size diversity are needed in order to evaluate alternative management plans regarding their environmental benefits and sustainability (Buongiorno et al, 1994;Solomon and Gove, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and equitability ordering profiles applied to study forest structure

Valbuena

Packalén

́n-Fernández

et al. 2012

Forest Ecology and Management

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a b s t r a c tThis article performs an in-depth examination on whether indices of diversity and equitability among tree size classes are adequate for studying the structural complexity of forests. Diversity profiles and the intrinsic diversity ordering of several field plots were compared. Results demonstrated that evensized stands are intrinsically non-comparable to uneven-sized stands with regard to their diversity of size classes. Indices describing the diversity of size classes are consequently inadequate, as they order forest structural types (FSTs) inconsistently. The concept of equitability, obtained when removing the richness component from entropy, seemed more adequate for this purpose. Indices of equitability among size classes provided more consistent measures, since the field plots had comparable intrinsic equitability ordering. Furthermore, ranking individual trees by their size is a better approach than ranking size classes, and therefore it is more correct to measure the inequality of tree sizes rather than equitability among size classes. A particular interpretation of Lorenz curves applies when they are used for the study of forest structures, as they should also be compared to a theoretical uniform distribution, and not just the diagonal line-of-absolute-equality. Advised indices are Gini coefficient (GC), De Camino homogeneity (CH), and structure index based on variance (STVI), as they all are consistent with the Lorenz ordering.

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“…This is particularly the case in countries with very different climatic conditions like in the perialpine zone, especially when precipitation attains a high level. For spruce stands, for instance, extreme maximal basal area value of more than 100 m 2 /ha has been recorded (Bachofen and Zingg, 2001). The phenomenon that density and yield characteristics can vary substantially independently of the site index, was first mentioned 1955 by Assmann (1955) under the term "yield level".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving estimations of maximal stand density by combining Reineke’s size-density rule and the yield level, using the example of spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

Schütz

Zingg

2010

Ann. For. Sci.

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Keywords:Reineke / maximal stand density / yield level / carrying capacity / growth model / mortality Abstract • The Reineke Stand density rule relating stem numbers to the quadratic mean diameter is generally used as a reference for modelling maximal stand density.• The linearity of this relationship after double logarithmic transformation is generally assumed, but it must be questioned for untouched stands and stands with a conventional thinning regime. Curvilinearity is demonstrated for some spruce and beech stands in Switzerland and shown to be statistically representative. This relationship is independent of the site index. It can be interpreted as a change in mortality in young stages mainly due to competition and in older stages more to ageing.• A more accurate estimation of the maximal stand density needs to take into account the important variation around the mean course, known as the yield level. A simple method to assess the yield level of any stand regardless of whether it is thinned or not is presented, based on estimating the effect of a stand opening on the basal area. Mots-clés :Reineke / densité maximale / niveau de production / potentiel de production / modèle de croissance / mortalité naturelle Résumé -Amélioration de l'estimation de la densité maximale de peuplement combinant la loi de taille-densité selon Reineke au niveau de production, à l'exemple de l'épicéa commun (Picea abies L. (Karst.)) et du hêtre (Fagus sylvatica L.).• La loi de Reineke reliant le nombre de tiges au diamètre quadratique moyen est généralement utilisée comme référence pour la modélisation de la densité maximale de peuplements.• On remet en question la linéarité d'une telle relation dans l'espace logarithmique, dans le cas des peuplements non traités aussi bien que pour ceux traités par des interventions conventionnelles. La curvilinéarité de cette relation est démontrée pour quelques peuplements purs d'épicéa et de hêtre en Suisse et dans sa représentativité statistique. La relation est indépendante de l'indice de fertilité et interprétée comme modification du type de mortalité au cours du développement, due pendant le jeune âge à la seule compétition, puis s'y ajoute celle due au vieillissement.• Une estimation appropriée de la densité maximale des peuplements doit tenir compte des variations importantes autour de la courbe moyenne connue comme niveau de production. Une méthode simple de détermination du niveau de production dans tous les cas de traitement antérieur est présentée, fondée sur une estimation de l'effet de l'ouverture du couvert sur la surface terrière.

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Effectiveness of structure improvement thinning on stand structure in subalpine Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands

Cited by 45 publications

References 2 publications

Analysis of operational approach during forest transformation in Klokočná Range, Central Bohemia

Analysis of operational approach during forest transformation in Klokočná Range, Central Bohemia

Diversity and equitability ordering profiles applied to study forest structure

Improving estimations of maximal stand density by combining Reineke’s size-density rule and the yield level, using the example of spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

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