Effectiveness of the Association of 2 Probiotic Strains Formulated in a Slow Release Vaginal Product, in Women Affected by Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Vicariotto, Franco; Piano, M. Del; Mogna, Luca; Mogna, Giovanni

doi:10.1097/mcg.0b013e3182684d71

Cited by 65 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…S1A and B in the supplemental material). Nonlinear regression of the dose-response curves found significantly different values for the IC 50 (concentration required to inhibit growth rate by 50%) of each acid tested. In particular, butyric acid had the most potent activity against C. albicans growth, followed by propionic, acetic, and lactic acid ( Fig.…”

Section: Weak Organic Acids Are Fungistatic Under Physiological Condimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To understand the genetic requirements of this fungus for its response to WOAs, we took advantage of a previously published library of C. albicans mutant strains, each of which had had 1 of 165 transcription factors (TFs) deleted (26). The library was subjected to robotically assisted high-throughput growth assays, with the medium adjusted to pH 5.5 and each compound used at its respective IC 50 (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Weak Organic Acids Are Fungistatic Under Physiological Condimentioning

confidence: 99%

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MIG1Regulates Resistance of Candida albicans against the Fungistatic Effect of Weak Organic Acids

Cottier

Tan

et al. 2015

Eukaryot Cell

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bCandida albicans is the leading cause of fungal infections; but it is also a member of the human microbiome, an ecosystem of thousands of microbial species potentially influencing the outcome of host-fungal interactions. Accordingly, antibacterial therapy raises the risk of candidiasis, yet the underlying mechanism is currently not fully understood. We hypothesize the existence of bacterial metabolites that normally control C. albicans growth and of fungal resistance mechanisms against these metabolites. Among the most abundant microbiota-derived metabolites found on human mucosal surfaces are weak organic acids (WOAs), such as acetic, propionic, butyric, and lactic acid. Here, we used quantitative growth assays to investigate the dose-dependent fungistatic properties of WOAs on C. albicans growth and found inhibition of growth to occur at physiologically relevant concentrations and pH values. This effect was conserved across distantly related fungal species both inside and outside the CTG clade. We next screened a library of transcription factor mutants and identified several genes required for the resistance of C. albicans to one or more WOAs. A single gene, MIG1, previously known for its role in glucose repression, conferred resistance against all four acids tested. Consistent with glucose being an upstream activator of Mig1p, the presence of this carbon source was required for WOA resistance in wild-type C. albicans. Conversely, a MIG1-complemented strain completely restored the glucose-dependent resistance against WOAs. We conclude that Mig1p plays a central role in orchestrating a transcriptional program to fight against the fungistatic effect of this class of highly abundant metabolites produced by the gastrointestinal tract microbiota.O ver 60% of fungal infections are caused by Candida albicans, and these infections range from debilitating skin or mucosal infections to potentially lethal disseminated disease, most especially in immunocompromised individuals and in nosocomial settings (1, 2). At the same time, this species is also the fungus most frequently isolated from the oral cavity, the vaginal mucosa, and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of most healthy individuals (2), indicating a commensal nature of the host-microbe interaction in unperturbed conditions. A switch from asymptomatic colonization to opportunistic infection is supported by evidence of strain relatedness between C. albicans isolates from blood cultures and from the GI tract of the same patients (3). Hence, controlling C. albicans growth in the GI tract might limit one of the primary sources of systemic candidiasis.Antibiotic treatment, which is well known to profoundly modify the GI microbiome (4, 5), is a strong risk factor for both vulvovaginal and systemic candidiasis in humans (6, 7). Moreover, most mouse models of C. albicans GI colonization rely on oral antibiotic treatment (8-10). Other models rely on the use of germfree mice (11), infant mice (12, 13), which harbor a significantly different GI microbiome than adults (14), or ...

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Section: Weak Organic Acids Are Fungistatic Under Physiological Condimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Weak Organic Acids Are Fungistatic Under Physiological Condimentioning

confidence: 99%

MIG1Regulates Resistance of Candida albicans against the Fungistatic Effect of Weak Organic Acids

Cottier

Tan

et al. 2015

Eukaryot Cell

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“…They contended though that empirical use of probiotics may be considered in women with RVVC, especially for those who have adverse effects from or contraindications for the use of antifungal agents, since adverse effects of probiotics are very rare [147]. In a more recent study Vicariotto et al [120] reported that probiotics reduce recurrences [120]. However their sample size was also very small.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Their mode of action is thought to be modulation of the inflammatory process rather than competitive effect with the yeast [119]. In a recent study Vicariotto et al [120] reported that probiotics reduce recurrences [120].…”

Section: E) Alternative Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2017

OGIJ

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“…as a single therapy to improve the vaginal ecosystem status and to treat and/or prevent BV, CVV, aerobic vaginitis (AV) and trichomoniasis [66,[77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94]. In most of the studies, commercial probiotic products or new potential probiotic formulations were vaginally administered.…”

Section: Clinical Studies Of Urogenital Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiles and technological requirements of urogenital probiotics

Nader‐Macías

Tomás

2015

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews

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Probiotics, defined as live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host, are considered a valid and novel alternative for the prevention and treatment of female urogenital tract infections. Lactobacilli, the predominant microorganisms of the healthy human vaginal microbiome, can be included as active pharmaceutical ingredients in probiotics products. Several requirements must be considered or criteria fulfilled during the development of a probiotic product or formula for the female urogenital tract. This review deals with the main selection criteria for urogenital probiotic microorganisms: host specificity, potential beneficial properties, functional specifications, technological characteristics and clinical trials used to test their effect on certain physiological and pathological conditions. Further studies are required to complement the current knowledge and support the clinical applications of probiotics in the urogenital tract. This therapy will allow the restoration of the ecological equilibrium of the urogenital tract microbiome as well as the recovery of the sexual and reproductive health of women.Fil: Nader, Maria Elena Fatima. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Juárez Tomás, María Silvina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; Argentin

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Effectiveness of the Association of 2 Probiotic Strains Formulated in a Slow Release Vaginal Product, in Women Affected by Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Cited by 65 publications

References 30 publications

MIG1Regulates Resistance of Candida albicans against the Fungistatic Effect of Weak Organic Acids

MIG1Regulates Resistance of Candida albicans against the Fungistatic Effect of Weak Organic Acids

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Profiles and technological requirements of urogenital probiotics

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