Effectiveness of the iPhone GoCheck Kids smartphone vision screener in detecting amblyopia risk factors

Walker, Mollianna; Duvall, Alba; Daniels, Mackenzie; Doan, Mailynh; Edmondson, Luke E.; Cheeseman, Edward W.; Wilson, M. Edward; Trivedi, Rupal H.; Peterseim, Mae Millicent W.

doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2019.10.007

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This application has been studied for photoscreening and detecting amblyopia risk factors, but not for checking visual acuity. 30 , 31 , 32 This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board in December 2018 with the goal of exploring a family member checking a child’s visual acuity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teleophthalmology: Evaluation of Phone-based Visual Acuity in a Pediatric Population

Silverstein

Williams

Brown

et al. 2021

American Journal of Ophthalmology

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: Purpose With the recent rise of teleophthalmology due to coronavirus disease, we are in need of accurate and reliable methods of checking visual acuity remotely. We compare the visual acuity as measured by the GoCheck Kids application, HOTV with the amblyopia treatment study (ATS), and our clinic protocol. Design This is a prospective, comparison of visual acuity assessment methods. Methods Established patients (aged 3-18) in the practice of a single pediatric ophthalmologist were eligible. Visual acuity was measured by: 1) GoCheck Kids mobile application (by patient’s family member), 2) HOTV-ATS (by study personnel), and 3) regular clinic protocol (by ophthalmic technician). To assess agreement between measures of acuity, intraclass correlations with 95% confidence intervals were computed. Results Fifty-three children participated. The mean difference between GoCheck Kids and HOTV-ATS acuities (0.094) was significantly different (p<0.001); the intraclass correlation (ICC) was 0.55 (95% CI: 0.40, 0.68). The mean difference between GoCheck Kids and chart acuities (0.010) was not significantly different (p=0.319); ICC: 0.59 (95% CI: 0.45, 0.71). The mean difference between HOTV-ATS and chart acuities (0.084) was significantly different (p<0.001); ICC: 0.66 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.76). The percent of eyes with visual acuity as measured by GoCheck Kids that was within 1 line of the HOTV-ATS and chart acuity was 65.3% and 86.7%, respectively. Conclusions GoCheck Kids as checked by a family member provides a modest correlation of visual acuity compared to the chart screen and a fair correlation of visual acuity compared to HOTV-Amblyopia Treatment Study protocol, though a vast majority are within 1 line.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teleophthalmology: Evaluation of Phone-based Visual Acuity in a Pediatric Population

Silverstein

Williams

Brown

et al. 2021

American Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…7 Studies have demonstrated the validity of many handheld autorefractive screeners with regard to detection of targeted refractive errors and ARFs. [8][9][10] Large community screening efforts have demonstrated acceptably low referral rates (5%-10%), resulting in an excellent positive predictive value for the targeted ARFs and visually significant refractive errors, ranging from 70% to 95% even in children as young as 1 year of age. 11,12 A novel instrument-based device using bilateral birefringent foveal scanning recently became commercially available and shows promise for screening for amblyopia per se.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AAPOS uniform guidelines for instrument-based pediatric vision screen validation 2021

Arnold¹,

Donahue

Silbert³

et al. 2022

Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and

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“…New instruments for photorefraction, such as smartphone-based applications, are promising for this purpose. These devices exhibit highperformance metrics for the detection of amblyopia risk factors such as ametropias and strabismus (28)(29)(30)(31).…”

Section: ' Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, new ophthalmic programs for teaching professionals' capacitation must be implemented. Another option is the adjoint use of smartphone-based photorefractive applications mentioned above, which reduces the time of screening, particularly for less cooperative individuals (28)(29)(30).…”

Section: ' Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vision for the Future Project: Screening impact on the prevention and treatment of visual impairments in public school children in São Paulo City, Brazil

Costa¹,

Debert²,

Susanna³

et al. 2021

Clinics

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Uncorrected refractive errors are the leading cause of visual impairment in children. In this crosssectional retrospective study, we analyzed a social visual screening program for school children in Sã o Paulo, Brazil, evaluated its impact on the prevention and treatment of children's visual disabilities, and assessed its epidemiological outcomes to outline suggestions for its improvement. METHODS: First-grade children from public schools were submitted to prior visual screening by their teachers. Selected children were forwarded to the hospital's campaigns for a second screening by ophthalmologists and treatment if needed. Data were analyzed for age, sex, visual acuity, biomicroscopy, refractive errors, ocular movement disorders, amblyopia, number of donated spectacles, and number of children forwarded to specialized care. RESULTS: A total of 1080 children were included with mean age of 6.24 ± 0.45 years. Children with normal ophthalmological exam, 591 (54.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 51.7%-57.7%) were dismissed and considered false-positives. Myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism components were found in 164 (15.2%; CI: 13.1%-17.4%), 190 (17.6%; CI: 15.3%-20.0%), and 330 (30.5%; CI: 27.8%-33.4%) children, respectively. Amblyopia was diagnosed in 54 (5%; CI: 3.5%-6.4%) children, and 117 (10.8%; CI: 9.8%-12.8%) presented ocular movement disorders. A total of 420 glasses were donated. CONCLUSION: Epidemiological findings for amblyopia and refractive errors are consistent with those of similar studies. The expressive number of diagnoses performed and number of glasses donated to underprivileged children depict the importance of such projects. New guidelines to improve their cost-effectiveness, such as professional training and community sensitization, are imperative.

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Effectiveness of the iPhone GoCheck Kids smartphone vision screener in detecting amblyopia risk factors

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Teleophthalmology: Evaluation of Phone-based Visual Acuity in a Pediatric Population

Teleophthalmology: Evaluation of Phone-based Visual Acuity in a Pediatric Population

AAPOS uniform guidelines for instrument-based pediatric vision screen validation 2021

Vision for the Future Project: Screening impact on the prevention and treatment of visual impairments in public school children in São Paulo City, Brazil

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