Effectiveness of the Oka/GSK Attenuated Varicella Vaccine for the Prevention of Chickenpox in Clinical Practice in Israel

Sheffer, Rivka; Segal, Danit; Rahamani, Sarit; Dalal, Ilan; Linhart, Yifat; Stein, Michal; Shohat, Tamar; Somekh, Eli

doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000160947.89942.30

Cited by 42 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…In our study, the VE of Varilrix and each of the 2 Chinese varicella vaccines were similar and comparable to those reported previously for Varilrix and Varivax. [13][14][15] The small number of recipients of each vaccine makes it difficult to assess whether there is any difference in the change of vaccine-induced immunity over time among the 3 varicella vaccines licensed in China. Several serological studies have reported on the persistence of single dose vaccine-induced immunity during 3-to 10-years of follow-up after vaccination, as shown by increases in geometric mean titers of varicella IgG antibody over time after vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effectiveness of Varicella Vaccine in China

Fu¹,

Wang²,

Liang³

et al. 2010

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effectiveness of Varicella Vaccine in China

Fu¹,

Wang²,

Liang³

et al. 2010

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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“…The WHO has recommended that routine childhood varicella vaccination be considered in countries where the disease is a relatively important public health and socioeconomic problem. Clinically and statistically significant reductions in varicella-related hospitalizations for children and adults have been associated with childhood varicella immunization, and a corresponding significant decrease in hospital discharges has also been observed [12,27,28,32,34,35]. However, live attenuated varicella has only been introduced to childhood immunization programs in a few countries [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

The epidemiology and economic impact of varicella-related hospitalizations in Turkey from 2008 to 2010: a nationwide survey during the pre-vaccine era (VARICOMP study)

Dinleyici¹,

Kurugöl²,

Türel³

et al. 2011

Eur J Pediatr

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Varicella can cause complications that are potentially serious and require hospitalization. Our current understanding of the causes and incidence of varicella-related hospitalization in Turkey is limited and sufficiently accurate epidemiological and economical information is lacking. The aim of this study was to estimate the annual incidence of varicella-related hospitalizations, describe the complications, and estimate the annual mortality and cost of varicella in children. VARICOMP is a multi-center study that was performed to provide epidemiological and economic data on hospitalization for varicella in children between 0 and 15 years of age from October 2008 to September 2010 in Turkey. According to medical records from 27 health care centers in 14 cities (representing 49.3% of the childhood population in Turkey), 824 children (73% previously healthy) were hospitalized for varicella over the 2-year period. Most cases occurred in the spring and early summer months. Most cases were in children under 5 years of age, and 29.5% were in children under 1 year of age. The estimated incidence of varicella-related hospitalization was 5.29-6.89 per 100,000 in all children between 0-15 years of age in Turkey, 21.7 to 28 per 100,000 children under 1 year of age, 9.8-13.8 per 100,000 children under 5 years of age, 3.96-6.52 per 100,000 children between 5 and 10 years of age and 0.42 to 0.71 per 100,000 children between 10 and 15 years of age. Among the 824 children, 212 (25.7%) were hospitalized because of primary varicella infection. The most common complications in children were secondary bacterial infection (23%), neurological (19.1%), and respiratory (17.5%) complications. Secondary bacterial infections (p < 0.001) and neurological complications (p < 0.001) were significantly more common in previously healthy children, whereas hematological complications (p < 0.001) were more commonly observed in children with underlying conditions. The median length of the hospital stay was 6 days, and it was longer in children with underlying conditions (<0.001). The median cost of hospitalization per patient was $338 and was significantly higher in children with underlying conditions (p < 0.001). The estimated direct annual cost (not including the loss of parental work time and school absence) of varicella-related hospitalization in children under the age of 15 years in Turkey was $856,190 to $1,407,006. According to our estimates, 882 to 1,450 children are hospitalized for varicella each year, reflecting a population-wide occurrence of 466-768 varicella cases per 100,000 children. In conclusion, this study confirms that varicella-related hospitalizations are not uncommon in children, and two thirds of these children are otherwise healthy. The annual cost of hospitalization for varicella reflects only a small part of the overall cost of this disease, as only a very few cases require hospital admission. The incidence of this disease was higher in children <1 year of age, and there are no prevention strategies for these children other ...

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“…But one study on the outbreak of varicella at a day care center estimated the effectiveness of the vaccine at 44.0% against disease of any severity and 86.0% against moderate or severe disease (35). In other countries, the effectiveness of one dose of Oka strain-based varicella vaccines was good; adjusted effectiveness in a prospective case-control study was 86.4% against any severity and 97.7% against moderate or severe varicella in Germany (36), vaccine effectiveness against varicella based on the data of Taiwan's National Immunization Information System was 82.6% (37), vaccine effectiveness against varicella assessed in a case-control study was 86.4% for Varilrix, 79.6% for Changchun Institutes of Biologic Products, and 92.6% for Shanghai Institutes of Biologic Products in China (38), and in Israel, the effectiveness of varicella vaccine was 71 to 100% in preventing disease of any severity and 95 to 100% in preventing moderate/ severe disease; however, a study of an outbreak of varicella among children attending a day care center demonstrated vaccine efficacy of only 44% (39). Significant decline of varicella cases and VRH seen in the United States has also been reported in Germany (2), Canada (3), Australia (4), and Taiwan (5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varicella and Varicella Vaccination in South Korea

Oh¹,

Choi²,

Shin³

et al. 2014

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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r With continuing occurrence of varicella despite increasing vaccine coverage for the past 20 years, a case-based study, a case-control study, and an immunogenicity and safety study were conducted to address the impact of varicella vaccination in South Korea. Varicella patients under the age of 16 years were enrolled for the case-based study. For the case-control study, varicella patients between 12 months and 15 years of age were enrolled with one control matched for each patient. For the immunogenicity and safety study, otherwise healthy children from 12 to 24 months old were immunized with Suduvax (Green Cross, South Korea). Fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (FAMA) varicella-zoster virus (VZV) antibody was measured before and 6 weeks after immunization. In the casebased study, the median age of the patients was 4 years. Among 152 patients between 1 and 15 years of age, 139 children received varicella vaccine and all had breakthrough infections. Clinical courses were not ameliorated in vaccinated patients, but more vaccinated patients received outpatient rather than inpatient care. In the case-control study, the adjusted overall effectiveness of varicella vaccination was 54%. In the immunogenicity and safety study, the seroconversion rate and geometric mean titer for FAMA antibody were 76.67% and 5.31. Even with increasing varicella vaccine uptake, we illustrate no upward age shift in the peak incidence, a high proportion of breakthrough disease, almost no amelioration in disease presentation by vaccination, and insufficient immunogenicity of domestic varicella vaccine. There is need to improve the varicella vaccine used in South Korea. Varicella caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a highly infectious disease, and the secondary attack rates may reach up to 90% for susceptible household contacts. In South Korea, a live attenuated Biken Oka strain varicella vaccine was first introduced in 1988, and since then a few more imported and domestic vaccines have been on the market for different lengths of time. Among the few domestic vaccines which were developed in the early 1990s, only Suduvax (Green Cross, South Korea) is currently on the market and is the most popular varicella vaccine in South Korea. With the increase of varicella vaccine coverage in South Korea, varicella became a nationally notifiable disease, and the vaccine was mandated for universal immunization at government expense in 2005; routine varicella immunization for infants at 12 to 15 months of age was recommended. These measures should have reduced the burden of varicella in South Korea. However, the nationwide occurrence of varicella has not decreased substantially, unlike the successful experience in other countries (1-5). We report a short-term case-based study, a case-control study, and an immunogenicity and safety study to evaluate the effectiveness of varicella vaccination in South Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODSA case-based study was conducted prospectively from August 2006 to March 2007, when 176 children with varicella who were...

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Effectiveness of the Oka/GSK Attenuated Varicella Vaccine for the Prevention of Chickenpox in Clinical Practice in Israel

Abstract: Our data demonstrate that the varicella Oka/GSK vaccine used in clinical practice is highly effective in prevention of varicella (especially moderate/severe disease) among children, including those attending day-care centers.

Cited by 42 publications

References 20 publications

The Effectiveness of Varicella Vaccine in China

The Effectiveness of Varicella Vaccine in China

The epidemiology and economic impact of varicella-related hospitalizations in Turkey from 2008 to 2010: a nationwide survey during the pre-vaccine era (VARICOMP study)

Varicella and Varicella Vaccination in South Korea

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