Effectiveness of the production of tissue-engineered living bone graft: a comparative study using perfusion and rotating bioreactor systems

Abstract

Bioreactor systems are very precious tools to generate living bone grafts in vitro. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of rotating and perfusion bioreactor in the production of a living bone construct. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMDSCs) were seeded on the surfaces of hydroxyapatite-based scaffolds and cultured for 21 days in three different conditions: (1) static 3D culture, (2) 3D culture in a perfusion bioreactor, and (3) dynamic 3D culture in a rotating bioreactor. Quantitative evaluation of cell number showed that cultivation in the perfusion bioreactor significantly reduced cell proliferation compared to the rotating bioreactor and static culture. Osteogenic differentiation test demonstrated that BMDSCs cultured in the rotating bioreactor produced significantly greater amount of osteopontin compared to the cells cultured in the perfusion bioreactor. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy showed that cultivation of BMDSCs in the rotating bioreactor enhanced extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization that was characterized by B-type carbonated substitution of hydroxyapatite (associated with PO43− groups) and higher mineral-to-matrix ratio compared to the ECM of cells cultured in the perfusion system. Thus, it was concluded that the rotating bioreactor was much more effective than the perfusion one in the generation of bone tissue construct in vitro.

Spatial Growth Factor Delivery for 3D Bioprinting of Vascularized Bone with Adipose-Derived Stem/Stromal Cells as a Single Cell Source

“…Transitioning into perfusion culture allowed us to explore the effects of continuous nutrient supply and mechanical stimulation on graft development . The increase in cell number and ALP activity over the 21-day period hinted at the dynamic interplay between perfusion conditions and cellular behavior.…”

Achieving Precision Healthcare through Nanomedicine and Enhanced Model Systems

“…They typically consist of cells or tissues cultured in a controlled environment, allowing researchers to study various aspects of joint physiology and pathology. 80 Bioreactors can be used to investigate multiple effects on a tissue at once and allow more variation than other wet-lab counterparts. By implementing tissues and fluids from patients, these models can be used to stratify patient-specific disease mechanisms to develop novel therapies and evaluate candidate biomarkers.…”

“…82 Kazimierczak et al further compared the effectiveness of rotating and perfusion bioreactors in the production of a living bone construct using human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMDSCs) (Figure 9). 80 These studies demonstrate that the most efficient outcomes may arise from the combination of different technologies, thus resulting in more complex and robust testing systems, further emphasising cross-disciplinary collaborations to drive the innovation process.…”

“…Besides 3D bioprinting, bioreactor systems have been employed for a long time to mimic the mechanical and biochemical environments of joints. They typically consist of cells or tissues cultured in a controlled environment, allowing researchers to study various aspects of joint physiology and pathology . Bioreactors can be used to investigate multiple effects on a tissue at once and allow more variation than other wet-lab counterparts.…”

“…Red arrows indicate the placement of cell-seeded biomaterials. Reprinted with permission under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license from ref . Copyright 2023 Springer Nature.…”