Effectiveness of the repair of unstabilised rammed earth with injection of mud grouts

Silva, Rui André Martins; Oliveira, Daniel V.; Schueremans, Luc; Miranda, Tiago F. S.; Machado, Joana

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.10.064

Cited by 28 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Previous experimental results indicated similar values of compressive strength for lime stabilized adobes from Aveiro (Silveira et al, 2013) and higher values of compressive strength for unstabilized rammed earth prepared in the laboratory using soil from Odemira, Alentejo (Silva et al, 2016), as can be observed in Table 1. Guillaud (1995) considers that a rammed earth element should have a minimum compressive strength of 1.0 N/mm 2 while Standards Australia & Walker (2002) states that this minimum should be increased to 2.0 N/mm 2 .…”

Section: Compressive and Tensile Flexural Strengthssupporting

confidence: 61%

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Vernacular Earthen Buildings from Leiria, Portugal – Material Characterization

Parracha

Lima

Freire

et al. 2019

International Journal of Architectural Heritage

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In Portugal a large number of vernacular earthen buildings present an advanced state of degradation. These buildings comprise historical, technological, architectonic, cultural and social recognized values and, therefore, efficient interventions are needed for their conservation. The knowledge of the properties that the materials used in their construction show nowadays is one of the bases to support future interventions. Unstabilized earthen samples were collected from the walls of six earthen buildings located in the region of Leiria, Portugal, built with rammed earth and/or adobe masonry. The samples were characterized by particle size distribution and through XRD, density, capillary, drying, dry abrasion, tensile and compressive flexural strength. Mechanical results of rammed earth were lower than adobe's, contrary to what was commonly found in other studies, and capillary coefficients of adobe were comparable to lime stabilized adobe from other regions. A surface protection by compatible renders, 2 respectively earthen-based and air lime-based, is strongly encouraged to extend the walls durability. Although based on a short sampling, this data gives initial support to future compatible, effective and reversible interventions in Leiria vernacular earthen buildings, contributing to the preservation of this earth-built heritage.

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Section: Compressive and Tensile Flexural Strengthssupporting

confidence: 61%

“…No results were found in the literature for tensile strength regarding rammed earth samples collected in situ. Silva et al (2016) obtained higher values of tensile strength, but for rammed earth samples prepared in the laboratory with soil collected from Odemira (Table 1).…”

Section: Compressive and Tensile Flexural Strengthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vernacular Earthen Buildings from Leiria, Portugal – Material Characterization

Parracha

Lima

Freire

et al. 2019

International Journal of Architectural Heritage

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The results show an average compressive strength (f c ) of about 1.5 MPa (CoV = 10%) and average Young's modulus (E), computed by linear fitting in the range 0-30% f c , of about 471 MPa (CoV = 18%), while the failure mode of the specimens is illustrated in Figure 2 and is mainly characterized by a well-formed cone on one end. (Silva et al 2016) ("original soil") sieved through a 2 mm aperture size mesh. This sieved soil was corrected by the addition of fine sand in a weight ratio of 1:2 (soil: sand) due to its high clay content, which was reduced to 11%.…”

Section: Rammed Earthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation on the Bond Behavior of a Compatible TRM-based Solution for Rammed Earth Heritage

Romanazzi

Oliveira

2019

International Journal of Architectural Heritage

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Despite the current awareness of the high seismic risk of earthen structures, little has been done so far to develop proper strengthening solutions for the rammed earth heritage. Based on the effectiveness of TRM for masonry buildings, the strengthening of rammed earth walls with externally bonded fibers using earth-based mortar is being proposed as a compatible solution. In this context, the investigation of bond behavior was conducted by means of direct tensile tests, pull-out tests and single lap-shear tests. The specimens were prepared using earth-based mortars and two different types of meshes (glass and nylon) while considering different-bonded lengths. The direct tensile tests on TRM coupons showed the high capacity of the nylon mesh in transferring stresses after cracking of the mortar. The pull-out tests highlighted that in the case of glass fiber mesh, the bond was granted by friction, while the mechanical anchorage promoted by the transversal yarns granted the bond of the nylon mesh. Finally, the single lap-shear tests showed that the adopted earth-based mortar seems to limit the performance of the strengthening.

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“…Efficient repair of cracking damage is thus considered essential for ensuring the overall stability of adobe buildings. 1 Post-doctoral Researcher, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus, rilamp01@ucy.ac.cy 2 Post-doctoral Researcher, Department of Civil Engineering, ISISE, University of Minho, Minho, Portugal, ruisilva@civil.uminho.pt 3 Associate Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus, charmpis@ucy.ac.cy Research has shown that the injection of grouts into cracked earth masonry sections can provide adequate stiffness and strength recovery [2]. Focus has therefore been placed on the development of clay-based grouts that are compatible with masonry materials composed of raw earth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of the Structural Response of Adobe Buildings to Lateral Loading Before and After the Implementation of Compatible Grout Repairs

et al. 2019

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In the framework of this study, a 1:2 scaled replica of a traditional single-storey adobe building was constructed and tested at the laboratories of the University of Cyprus. The main objectives of the experimental program were to evaluate the structural performance of adobe buildings under horizontal loads (simulating seismic action) and to investigate the effectiveness of cracking repair by means of injection with a compatible grout. The model was initially subjected to a series of monotonic static lateral loading cycles that led to the development of extensive cracking damage and to significant reduction of the load-bearing capacity and overall stiffness. A compatible clay-based grout was then developed using the same soil as the one composing the model's adobes. This material was injected into the cracked sections of the masonry and the repaired model was re-tested. The clay-based grout successfully restored structural continuity, precluding the reopening of injected cracks during subsequent loading cycles. The recorded load-deformation response revealed that the grout repair reinstated the original stiffness of the structure and recovered more than 90% of the initial lateral strength. The results indicate that clay-based grouts can be used for re-establishing the stability of adobe constructions under static loads.

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Effectiveness of the repair of unstabilised rammed earth with injection of mud grouts

Cited by 28 publications

References 7 publications

Vernacular Earthen Buildings from Leiria, Portugal – Material Characterization

Vernacular Earthen Buildings from Leiria, Portugal – Material Characterization

Experimental Investigation on the Bond Behavior of a Compatible TRM-based Solution for Rammed Earth Heritage

Experimental Investigation of the Structural Response of Adobe Buildings to Lateral Loading Before and After the Implementation of Compatible Grout Repairs

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