Effectiveness of the white halo fungus, Cephalosporium lecanii, against field populations of coffee green bug, Coccus viridis

Easwaramoorthy, S.; Jayaraj, S.

doi:10.1016/0022-2011(78)90178-7

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Under laboratory conditions also it was found that higL temperature caused reduction in the efficacy (unpubl. data) and vegetative growth of the fungus (EASWARAMOORTHY and JAYARAJ 1977). The imortality of the fungus increased on 14 d than on 7 d after treatment due to delayed infection.…”

Section: Mortality Of Scalesmentioning

confidence: 87%

The effect of subnormal concentrations of insecticides in combination with the fungal pathogen, Cephalosporium lecanii Zimm. in the control of coffee green scale, Coccus viridis Green

Easwaramoorthy

Regupathy

Santharam

et al. 1978

Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie

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The efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungus, Cephalosporium lecanii against coffee green scale, Coccus viridis in combination with subnormal concentrations of two insecticides, viz. fenthion and phosphamidon was evaluated in field. The fungus in combination with fenthion inflicted the highest percentage mortality (93.7) of the scales at the lowest dosages of both. The efficacy of fungus ‐ phosphamidon combination was improved with increase in the concentration of either the fungus or phosphamidon. However, in vitro studies showed that fenthion significantly affected the radial growth, mycelial dry weight and germination of spores of the fungus while phosphamidon had lesser effect only at higher concentration. This variation in the results in the laboratory and field studies might be due to the influence of weather under field conditions and difference in the interaction between the fungus and insecticide in culture medium and insect system. Zusammenfassung Zur Wirkung unternormaler Konzentrationen von Insektiziden in Kombination mit dem Pilz Cephalosporium lecanii Zimm. bei der Bekämpfung der Grünen Kaffee‐Schildlaus, Coccus viridis Green (homopt., Coccidae) Es wurde die Wirksamkeit des entomopathogenen Pilzes Cephalosporium lecanii auf die an Kaffee schädliche Schildlaus Coccus viridis in Kombination mit unternormalen Konzentrationen zweier Insektizide (Fenthion und Phosphamidon) im Freiland untersucht. Die Kombination Pilz + Fenthion verursachte die höchste Mortalität (93,7 %) der Schildläuse bei gleichzeitig niedrigster Dosis der beiden Komponenten. Die Wirksamkeit der Kombination Pilz + Phosphamidon stieg mit der Konzentration von einer der beiden Komponenten. In vitro‐Studien zeigten, daß Fenthion signifikant das Wachstum und Myceltrockengewicht sowie die Keimung der Pilzsporen negativ beeinflußte, während Phosphamidon geringere Wirkung zeigte, und dies auch nur bei höherer Konzentration. Die Unterschiede zwischen den Labor‐ und Freilandergebnissen könnten auf dem Einfluß der Witterungsbedingungen sowie der Interaktion zwischen dem Pilz und dem Insektizid in der Kultur und im Insektenkörper beruhen.

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Section: Mortality Of Scalesmentioning

confidence: 87%

The effect of subnormal concentrations of insecticides in combination with the fungal pathogen, Cephalosporium lecanii Zimm. in the control of coffee green scale, Coccus viridis Green

Easwaramoorthy

Regupathy

Santharam

et al. 1978

Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie

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“…Even at 1%, Triton X-100 did not harm conidial germination of V lecanii on agar (Hall, 1982b), although there is one report of possible harm to vegetative bacteria (section 3.4.1). Tween 20 at 0.05% increased the infection rate of Coccus viridis by V lecanii in a field trial (Easwaramoorthy and Jayaraj, 1978). Measurement of wetting effectiveness is usually by qualitative visual assessment of wetting on leaf surfaces and suspendability of spores seen under the microscope, e.g.…”

Section: Wetters and Emulsionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation of Mycoinsecticides

Burges¹

1998

Formulation of Microbial Biopesticides

109

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“…These entomopathogenic fungi are known to attack a variety of arthropods, many of which are important agricultural pests (Hsiao et al 1992, Chandler et al 1993, Helyer 1993, Gindin et al 1996, Michaud & Browning 1999, Gindin et al 2000, Rodríguez Dos Santos & del Pozo Núñez 2003 including C. viridis in coffee (Easwaramoorthy & Jayaraj 1978, Bhaskara & Krishnamoorthy Bhat 1989, Uno 2007. It is also marketed as a biocontrol agent (Hall 1981, Khalil et al 1984/85, Khalil et al 1985, Ravensberg et al 1990, Feng et al 2000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of a Fungal Pathogen Promote Pattern Formation in a Tropical Agroecosystem

Jackson¹,

Vandermeer²,

Perfecto³

2009

TOECOLJ

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Abstract:Recent studies have shown that the spatial pattern of nests of an arboreal ant, Azteca instabilis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), in a tropical coffee agroecosystem may emerge through self-organization. The proposed self-organization process involves both local expansion and density-dependent mortality of the ant colonies. We explored a possible mechanism for the density-dependent mortality involving the entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium lecanii. L. lecanii attacks a scale insect, Coccus viridis (Coccidae, Hemiptera), which is tended by A. instabilis in a mutualistic association. By attacking C. viridis, L. lecanii may have an indirect, negative effect on ant colony survival. To explore this hypothesis, we conducted investigations into the spatial and temporal distributions of L. lecanii. We measured incidence and severity at 4 spatial scales: (1) throughout a 45 hectare study plot; (2) in two 40 X 50 meter plots; (3) on coffee bushes within 4 m of two ant nests; and (3) on individual branches in a single coffee bush. The plot-level censuses did not reveal a clear spatial pattern, but the finer scale surveys show distinct patterns in the spread of infection over time. We also developed a simple cellular automata model of the coupled ant nest-L. lecanii system which is able to produce spatial patterns qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that found in the field. The accumulated evidence suggests that L. lecanii may very well be responsible for the density-dependent control thought necessary for spatial pattern formation of ant nests in this system.

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Effectiveness of the white halo fungus, Cephalosporium lecanii, against field populations of coffee green bug, Coccus viridis

Cited by 23 publications

References 5 publications

The effect of subnormal concentrations of insecticides in combination with the fungal pathogen, Cephalosporium lecanii Zimm. in the control of coffee green scale, Coccus viridis Green

The effect of subnormal concentrations of insecticides in combination with the fungal pathogen, Cephalosporium lecanii Zimm. in the control of coffee green scale, Coccus viridis Green

Formulation of Mycoinsecticides

Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of a Fungal Pathogen Promote Pattern Formation in a Tropical Agroecosystem

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