Effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and microcurrent electrical nerve stimulation in bruxism associated with masticatory muscle pain - A comparative study

Abstract

MENS could be used as an effective pain-relieving adjunct to TENS in the treatment of masticatory muscle pain due to bruxism.

Symptoms in different severity degrees of bruxism: a cross-sectional study

“…Therefore, pain occurs not only in masticatory muscles, but also in the craniofacial complex and cervical spine, characterized by pain originating in trigger points located in palpable nodules in the tense fiber band of the masticatory muscles, whose participation in the toning activity of the cervical muscles is also evident 13 . In parallel, low orofacial and cervical muscle pain thresholds due to bruxism reflect increase in nociceptive excitability at these specific points 7,33 .…”

“…Even though some support for the association among bruxism, pain, change in sleep quality and oral health; anxiety, stress and depression has been provided, it remains a controversial issue. While bruxism can trigger these symptoms, it can also be generated by them 2,4,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] . Although there are studies about bruxism and psychosocial symptoms, those that associate bruxism with muscle pain, sleep quality, oral health, anxiety, stress and depression simultaneously are scarce, methodologically different and poor.…”

“…Although there are studies about bruxism and psychosocial symptoms, those that associate bruxism with muscle pain, sleep quality, oral health, anxiety, stress and depression simultaneously are scarce, methodologically different and poor. In addition, some of these studies present lack of information about bruxism type, heterogeneous assessment tools and the use of single clinical approach to the diagnosis of bruxism, not allowing a distinction between the sleep and awake bruxism 2,4,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] . Therefore, the knowledge of symptoms in different severity degrees of the bruxism is relevant for choice of therapeutic approaches, such as physiotherapeutic interventions and dental treatments, with the objectives of preventing and/or controlling bruxism and its symptoms 5,6 .…”

Efeito de três intervenções de fisioterapia comparadas a tratamento odontológico em indivíduos com bruxismo: um ensaio clínico randomizado

“…[52,[66][67][68][69][70][71] Deste modo, baixo limiar de dor muscular mastigatória e cervical decorrente do bruxismo pode ser evidente, o que reflete aumento da excitabilidade nociceptiva em pontos-gatilho localizados em nódulos palpáveis nas bandas tensas das fibras destes músculos. [4,72,73] Revisão sistemática indica associação significativa entre bruxismo do sono e cefaleia do tipo tensional, apontando que indivíduos com bruxismo possuem três vezes mais chance de desenvolvê-la, justificada pelo mecanismo de sensitização central desencadeada pelos pontos-gatilho presentes em músculos craniofaciais. [47,74] Outros estudos mostram que 65% de indivíduos com bruxismo apresentam este tipo de cefaleia provavelmente devido à hiperatividade muscular tônica dos músculos mastigatórios, como o temporal anterior.…”

“…eletroterapêuticos, [22,54,72,73,87,90,[95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102] exercícios terapêuticos, [103][104][105] terapia manual, [53,89,106] terapia cognitivo-comportamental (TCC), [41,45,107] acupuntura, [108,109] conscientização postural [82] e relaxamento muscular. [63] Odontológicos Os aparelhos oclusais, também denominados protetor de mordida oclusal, aparelho para bruxismo, placa de mordida, protetor noturno ou dispositivo oclusal, são adjuntos úteis, mas não constituem tratamento curativo para o bruxismo devido às divergências existentes sobre a sua efetividade a longo prazo.…”