Effectiveness of two bed bath methods in removing microorganisms from hospitalized patients: A prospective randomized crossover study

Veje, Pia Lysdal; Chen, Ming; Jensen, Claus Munk; Sørensen, Jan; Primdahl, Jette

doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2019.10.011

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Nevertheless, we found stability in gut-related bacteria at sacral skin of bedridden patients, suggesting that daily nursing care does not affect microbiome composition. Regarding the effectiveness of bed bath methods, a recent crossover study showed that disposable wet wipes for bed baths seem to be as effective at removing skin microbiomes as a soap-and-water bath, which is usually used (Veje et al, 2020). In order to reduce skin-resident gut-related bacteria, an additional approach is required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of Skin Microbiome at Sacral Regions of Healthy Young Adults, Ambulatory Older Adults, and Bedridden Older Patients After 2 Years

Ogai

Ogura

Ohgi

et al. 2020

Biological Research For Nursing

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Objective: The sacral skin of bedridden older patients often develops a dysbiotic condition. To clarify whether the condition changes or is sustained over time, we analyzed the skin microbiome and the skin physiological functions of the sacral skin in patients who completed our 2017 study. Methods: In 2019, we collected the microbiome on the sacral region and measured sacral skin hydration, pH, and transepidermal water loss from 7 healthy young adults, 10 ambulatory older adults, and 8 bedridden older patients, all of whom had been recruited for the 2017 study. For microbiome analysis, 16S ribosomal RNA-based metagenomic analysis was used. Results: No significant differences in the microbial compositions or any alpha diversity metrics were found in the bedridden older patients between the 2017 and 2019 studies; the higher gut-related bacteria were still observed on the sacral skin of the bedridden older patients even after 2 years. Only skin pH showed a significant decrease, approaching normal skin condition, in the bedridden older patients over 2 years. Conclusion: This study indicated that gut-related bacteria stably resided in the sacral skin in bedridden patients, even if the patient had tried to restore skin physiological functions using daily skin care. We propose the importance of skin care that focuses more on bacterial decontamination for the sacral region of bedridden older patients, in order to decrease the chances of skin/wound infection and inflammation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of Skin Microbiome at Sacral Regions of Healthy Young Adults, Ambulatory Older Adults, and Bedridden Older Patients After 2 Years

Ogai

Ogura

Ohgi

et al. 2020

Biological Research For Nursing

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“…Seven studies compared the effects of traditional cotton towels and disposable towels (Gillis et al, 2016;Groven et al, 2017;Larson et al, 2004;Matsumoto et al, 2019;Nøddeskou et al, 2015;Schoonhoven et al, 2015;Veje et al, 2020). Schoonhoven et al (2015) reported that disposable towels slightly decreased the number of skin abnormalities compared with cotton towels, but no differences were found in significant skin lesions.…”

Section: Towel Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of bed bath methods for skin integrity, skin cleanliness and comfort enhancement in adults: A systematic review

2021

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“…Traditionally, bedridden people are bathed in bed with water and soap. As an alternative, washing without water is increasingly used in health care, particularly in Europe (Schoonhoven et al, 2015 ; Veje et al, 2019b ) and the US (Sturgeon et al, 2019 ). In a systematic review, washing without water has been shown to be at least as effective as water and soap with respect to hygiene, skin condition and bathing completeness (Groven et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comfort during the bed bath—A randomised crossover trial on the effect of washing without water versus water and soap in nursing students

Groven

Zwakhalen

Odekerken‐Schröder

et al. 2021

Journal of Clinical Nursing

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Aims and objectives To compare the washing without water method with the water and soap method regarding comfort perceptions of the bed bath. Background Bathing affects nurses’ and care recipients’ comfort. Bedridden care recipients can be bathed in bed with water and soap or with washing without water products. Little is known about the differences between these two bed bath methods regarding comfort perceptions among care recipients and nurses. Design Crossover randomised laboratory‐controlled trial, conducted from March 2018–November 2019, according to the CONSORT guidelines. Methods Nursing students were randomly allocated roles as a patient (who received both types of bed baths) or a nurse (who provided both types of bed baths). Also, the order in which the bed baths were received/provided was randomised. A total of 97 students were included in the analysis. Student patients filled out the Patient Evaluation of Emotional Comfort Experienced (PEECE) scale to measure emotional comfort and a single‐item question on physical comfort after each bed bath. Student nurses filled out the Physical Demands scale after each bed bath to measure their physical comfort perceptions. Results No differences were found between the two bed bathing methods regarding student patients’ emotional or physical comfort levels. Among student nurses, the washing without water method was less physically demanding than the water and soap method. Conclusions Taking into account time‐efficiency and physical comfort for nurses, washing without water seems to be a valuable alternative to water and soap from a care recipient comfort perspective, which should be assessed in a clinical setting in future research. Relevance to clinical practice The washing without water method is less physically demanding for nurses and takes less time. It does not have a detrimental effect on care recipients’ emotional and physical comfort. The trial is registered at http://www.trialregister.nl (ID = NL6787).

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Effectiveness of two bed bath methods in removing microorganisms from hospitalized patients: A prospective randomized crossover study

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Stability of Skin Microbiome at Sacral Regions of Healthy Young Adults, Ambulatory Older Adults, and Bedridden Older Patients After 2 Years

Stability of Skin Microbiome at Sacral Regions of Healthy Young Adults, Ambulatory Older Adults, and Bedridden Older Patients After 2 Years

Effectiveness of bed bath methods for skin integrity, skin cleanliness and comfort enhancement in adults: A systematic review

Comfort during the bed bath—A randomised crossover trial on the effect of washing without water versus water and soap in nursing students

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