Effectivity of Streptococcus agalactiae bacterial vaccine with different coatings for increasing the immunity system on nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Abstract

Vaccination is one of the most effective control measure in preventing Streptococcus agalactiae infection. In this study, vaccine coatings were prepared with certain biomaterials such as chitosan, skim milk, and maltodextrin at concentration 1 % or 10 %, and further freeze-dried. Vaccine selected (in vitro) by tests: viability cell, solubility, protein concentration and protein molecular weight. The result of in vitro test showed that chitosan coating at doses 1 % and 10 % were the best in solubility and protein concentration test. Vaccine coated with chitosan was administrated again by injection (in vivo) in nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) before challenged by S. agalactiae. This test consists of six treatments and three replications, i.e. the fish were injected with liquid vaccine (A), Phospat Buffered Saline (PBS) (B), vaccine with chitosan coating 1 % (C), vaccine with chitosan coating 10 % (D), chitosan 1 % (E), and chitosan 10 % (F). Parameters were observed including survival rate, relative percent survival (RPS), antibody titre, and total leucocyte. The results showed that treatment C showed a significant difference (P < 0,05) in survival rate 92.22 ± 3.85 %, RPS 85.21 ± 7.20 %, and antibody titre highest result, but not significant (P > 0,05) to increase total leukocyte in experimental fish against S. agalactiae infection. In conclusion, vaccine freeze dry with chitosan coated 1 % is effective to improve immunity system of nile tilapia.

EFIKASI VAKSIN Aeromonas hydrophila TERHADAP IMUNITAS IKAN LELE SANGKURIANG (Clarias gariepinus) DENGAN METODE INFILTRASI HIPEROSMOTIK

“…Endapan pelet bakteri kemudian dicuci menggunakan 100 mL phosphate buffer saline (PBS) sebanyak tiga kali dan disentrifugasi pada kecepatan 5.000 rpm selama 15 menit. Endapan pelet kemudian ditambahkan kembali PBS hingga 100 mL dan disimpan pada refrigerator, dan selanjutnya disebut sebagai vaksin sel utuh (Reynalta et al (2018). Vaksin yang telah jadi tersebut selanjutnya diuji viabilitasnya dengan cara ditumbuhkan dengan metode gores cawan pada media NA yang diberi antibiotik rifampisin sebanyak 15 µg L -1 , jika tidak terjadi pertumbuhan bakteri setelah 24 jam pada media tersebut, vaksin aman digunakan (Suprapto et al, 2017).…”

“…Nilai RPS yang dihasilkan oleh ikan lele menunjukkan bahwa dengan pemberian vaksin dapat meningkatkan respons imun dengan cara membentuk antibodi sehingga ikan lebih tahan terhadap serangan bakteri A.hydrophila pada saat uji tantang. Hal ini selaras dengan Reynalta et al (2018) yang mengatakan bahwa peningkatan kekebalan tubuh pada ikan yang divaksin Tabel 1. Titer antibodi ikan lele yang diberi vaksin dengan metode infiltrasi hiperosmotik Table 1.…”

Streptococcosis on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Indonesian freshwater aquaculture

“…Research and development of vaccines to control S. agalactiae infecting tilapia in Indonesia have been initiated by many research & development agencies and universities, including in different vaccine preparations, doses, and applications. Based on the documentation traced, the development of fish vaccines intended to prevent streptococcosis in tilapia culture in Indonesia has started since the 2010s (Taukhid & Purwaningsih, 2011;Dwinanti et al, 2014;Taukhid et al, 2014;Nisaa et al, 2016;Firdausi et al, 2018;Sukenda et al, 2018;Reynalta et al, 2019;Rahmi et al, 2021;Taukhid et al, 2021) with various results after being subjected to challenge against targeted bacteria.…”

“…It was concluded that N3M and N4M vaccine strain have better protection as only if it tested with similar bacteria strain (Sukenda et al, 2018). Further studied of streptococcosis vaccine preparation has been done by Reynalta et al (2019) by using different coated vaccine (chitosan, skim milk, and maltodextrin at concentration 1 % or 10 %). The result showed that chitosan coating at doses 1 % and 10 % were the best in solubility and protein concentration test.…”