Effector proteins of rust fungi

Pêtre, Benjamin; Joly, David L.; Duplessis, Sébastien

doi:10.3389/fpls.2014.00416

Cited by 97 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…After host invasion, many important filamentous plant pathogens establish a biotrophic interaction, which depends on living host cells [2,7]. The challenges for biotrophic pathogens are to invade the host tissue with minimal damage and to evade recognition by plant cells.…”

Section: The Challenging Road To Evade Plant Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rust transferred protein 1 (RTP1) from the bean rust fungus Uromyces fabae shared similarity to cysteine protease inhibitors and it showed inhibition of yeast protease activity [26]. This effector was the first one shown to be translocated from haustoria into host cytoplasm, suggesting activity as a cytoplasmic effector [7]. Recently, Kemen and colleagues [43] reported that RTP1 forms multiple amyloid-like filaments extending into the host cytoplasm.…”

Section: Effectors Targeting Host Lytic Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How eukaryotic filamentous pathogens evade plant recognition

Oliveira-Garcia

Valent

2015

Current Opinion in Microbiology

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Plant pathogenic fungi and oomycetes employ sophisticated mechanisms for evading host recognition. After host penetration, many fungi and oomycetes establish a biotrophic interaction. It is assumed that different strategies employed by these pathogens to avoid triggering host defence responses, including establishment of biotrophic interfacial layers between the pathogen and host, masking of invading hyphae and active suppression of host defence mechanisms, are essential for a biotrophic parasitic lifestyle. During the infection process, filamentous plant pathogens secrete various effectors, which are hypothesized to be involved in facilitating effective host infection. Live-cell imaging of fungi and oomycetes secreting fluorescently labeled effector proteins as well as functional characterization of the components of biotrophic interfaces have led to the recent progress in understanding how eukaryotic filamentous pathogens evade plant recognition.

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Section: The Challenging Road To Evade Plant Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effectors Targeting Host Lytic Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How eukaryotic filamentous pathogens evade plant recognition

Oliveira-Garcia

Valent

2015

Current Opinion in Microbiology

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“…In rust fungi, secreted effector proteins have been shown to reside inside host cell cytoplasm; however, the way in which effectors translocate from the haustorium to the host cell remains unknown (Petre & Kamoun, ). Only a handful of effectors have been described in rust fungi (Petre et al ., ). The products of several avirulence genes of the flax rust fungus M. lini are recognized by resistance proteins inside plant cells where they are expected to play roles as effectors (Duplessis et al ., ).…”

Section: The Biology Of Rust Infectionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…; Hacquard et al ., ). Although all reported observations pertaining to rust proteins show evidence of complex and diverse patterns of localization within infected host tissues, their function during the infection process remains unclear (Petre et al ., ).…”

Section: The Biology Of Rust Infectionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Advances in understanding obligate biotrophy in rust fungi

et al. 2019

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Summary Rust fungi (Pucciniales) are the largest group of plant pathogens and represent one of the most devastating threats to agricultural crops worldwide. Despite the economic importance of these highly specialized pathogens, many aspects of their biology remain obscure, largely because rust fungi are obligate biotrophs. The rise of genomics and advances in high‐throughput sequencing technology have presented new options for identifying candidate effector genes involved in pathogenicity mechanisms of rust fungi. Transcriptome analysis and integrated bioinformatics tools have led to the identification of key genetic determinants of host susceptibility to infection by rusts. Thousands of genes encoding secreted proteins highly expressed during host infection have been reported for different rust species, which represents significant potential towards understanding rust effector function. Recent high‐throughput in planta expression screen approaches (effectoromics) have pushed the field ahead even further towards predicting high‐priority effectors and identifying avirulence genes. These new insights into rust effector biology promise to inform future research and spur the development of effective and sustainable strategies for managing rust diseases.

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The Rust Fungi

Kolmer¹,

Ordoñez²,

Groth³

2018

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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The rust fungi are a monophyletic group of approximately 7000 species in the Basidiomycota and are highly specialised obligate parasites of plants. The life cycle of rusts can be complex. Some rusts have up to five spore stages that alternate between haploid and dikaryotic nuclear conditions and that can occur on two taxonomically unrelated host plants. The rusts have evolved specialised structures that allow them to penetrate and obtain nutrients from living host cells. Biologic forms of a single rust species may differ in ability to attack different genera of host plants. Furthermore, within a single rust species they can be highly variable in ability to attack different genotypes of one host species. At the species level, genes that condition avirulence/virulence in rusts interact in a specific relationship with rust resistance genes in plants. Many of the most important plant diseases in the world are caused by rust fungi. Key Concepts The rust fungi are a monophyletic group of approximately 7000 species within the Basidiomycota, the group of fungi that includes mushrooms and shelf fungi. Rust fungi have complex life cycles with up to five spore stages that alternate between haploid and dikaryotic nuclear condition on two unrelated host plants. The rust fungi are obligate parasites of plants and have evolved specialised structures to infect and obtain nutrients from plants. Rusts have a highly specific host range. Genes in rust that express avirulence or virulence interact with rust resistance genes in host plants to condition a compatible or incompatible interaction. Some rust species are highly variable for biologic forms that vary in their ability to attack host genotypes with different rust resistance genes. Many of the most important plant diseases worldwide are caused by rust fungi.

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Effector proteins of rust fungi

Cited by 97 publications

References 55 publications

How eukaryotic filamentous pathogens evade plant recognition

How eukaryotic filamentous pathogens evade plant recognition

Advances in understanding obligate biotrophy in rust fungi

The Rust Fungi

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