Effectors and Effector Delivery in Magnaporthe oryzae

Zhang, Shijie; Xu, Jin‐Rong

doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003826

Cited by 122 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Invasive hyphae are enclosed by the host extra-invasive-hyphal membrane within 36 hours of biotrophic growth and extend into the neighbouring cells via the plasmodesmata to cause the necrosis of host tissues (Couch et al 2005; Kankanala et al 2007; Nishizawa et al 2016). Although the genetic determinants facilitating this hemi-biotrophic transition are mostly unknown, there are suggestions that effector proteins secreted by M. oryzae play a prominent role in suppressing host immunity during this transition (Zhang et al 2014b). A recent study has shown that secreted enzymes with hydrolytic activities such as cellulases and xylanases and toxins with cell death-inducing activities are deployed to facilitate necrotic infection (Kankanala et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory network of genes associated with stimuli sensing, signal transduction and physiological transformation of appressorium inMagnaporthe oryzae

et al. 2018

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Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is the most destructive disease affecting the rice production (Oryza sativa), with an average global loss of 10–30% per annum. Recent reports have indicated that the fungus also inflicts blast disease on wheat (Triticum aestivum) posing a serious threat to the wheat production. Due to its easily detected infectious process and manoeuvrable genetic manipulation, M. oryzae is considered a model organism for exploring the molecular mechanism underlying fungal pathogenicity during the pathogen–host interaction. M. oryzae utilises an infectious structure called appressorium to breach the host surface by generating high turgor pressure. The appressorium development is induced by physical and chemical cues which are coordinated by the highly conserved cAMP/PKA, MAPK and calcium signalling cascades. Genes involved in the appressorium development have been identified and well studied in M. oryzae, a summary of the working gene network linking stimuli sensing and physiological transformation of appressorium is needed. This review provides a comprehensive discussion regarding the regulatory networks underlying appressorium development with particular emphasis on sensing of appressorium inducing stimuli, signal transduction, transcriptional regulation and the corresponding developmental and physiological responses. We also discussed the crosstalk and interaction of various pathways during the appressorium development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory network of genes associated with stimuli sensing, signal transduction and physiological transformation of appressorium inMagnaporthe oryzae

et al. 2018

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“…In addition, during the interaction between plant and filamentous fungi, effectors are secreted into plant cells to modulate host defense. In M. oryzae , cytoplasmic effector proteins including Pwl2, Avr-Pita, Bas1 and Avr-Piz-t are secreted and accumulate in BICs during biotrophic invasion of rice395859. Previous studies showed that the fungal exocyst components Exo70, Sec5, t-SNARE Sso1, and Syn8 are essential for efficient secretion of cytoplasmic effectors in M. oryzae 3039.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MoVrp1, a putative verprolin protein, is required for asexual development and infection in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

Huang

Zhang

Yin

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Endocytosis is a crucial cellular process in eukaryotic cells which involves clathrin and/or adaptor proteins, lipid kinases, phosphatases and the actin cytoskeleton. Verprolin proteins, such as Vrp1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are conserved family proteins that regulate actin binding and endocytosis. Here, we identified and characterized MoVrp1 as the yeast Vrp1 homolog in Magnaporthe oryzae. Deletion of the MoVRP1 gene resulted in defects in vegetative growth, asexual development, and infection of the host plant. The ∆Movrp1 mutants also exhibited decreased extracellular peroxidase and laccase activities and showed defects in colony pigmentation, hyphal surface hydrophobicity, cell wall integrity, autophagy, endocytosis, and secretion of avirulent effector. Our studies provided new evidences that MoVrp1 involved in actin cytoskeleton is important for growth, morphogenesis, cellular trafficking, and fungal pathogenesis.

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“…The pathogenicity of this fungus involves the secretion of effector proteins at the host-pathogen interface, the purpose of which is to breach the plant surface and manipulate plant defenses and cell physiology (Liu et al, 2010; Zhang and Xu, 2014). Lhs1 is an Hsp70 family chaperone in the ER lumen that is a well-established UPR target that is induced by ER stress (Craven et al, 1996).…”

Section: Plant Fungal Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endoplasmic reticulum stress and fungal pathogenesis

Krishnan

Askew

2014

Fungal Biology Reviews

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The gateway to the secretory pathway is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), an organelle that is responsible for the accurate folding, post-translational modification and final assembly of up to a third of the cellular proteome. When secretion levels are high, errors in protein biogenesis can lead to the accumulation of abnormally folded proteins, which threaten ER homeostasis. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive signaling pathway that counters a buildup in misfolded and unfolded proteins by increasing the expression of genes that support ER protein folding capacity. Fungi, like other eukaryotic cells that are specialized for secretion, rely upon the UPR to buffer ER stress caused by fluctuations in secretory demand. However, emerging evidence is also implicating the UPR as a central regulator of fungal pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss how diverse fungal pathogens have adapted ER stress response pathways to support the expression of virulence-related traits that are necessary in the host environment.

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Effectors and Effector Delivery in Magnaporthe oryzae

Cited by 122 publications

References 20 publications

Regulatory network of genes associated with stimuli sensing, signal transduction and physiological transformation of appressorium inMagnaporthe oryzae

Regulatory network of genes associated with stimuli sensing, signal transduction and physiological transformation of appressorium inMagnaporthe oryzae

MoVrp1, a putative verprolin protein, is required for asexual development and infection in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

Endoplasmic reticulum stress and fungal pathogenesis

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