“…Cr is the seventeenth most abundant element on the planet (Matrosova et al 2021). Plating, alloying, animal hide tanning, water corrosion prevention, textile colors, pigments, Cr can reach natural streams by weathering Cr-containing rocks, industrial activities, and soil leaching (Aharchaou et al 2022). Cr can be reduced, oxidized, sorption, desorption, dissolution, and precipitation in the aquatic environment.…”